Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
The olive flounder (
Paralichythys olivaceus), also called bastard halibut or Japanese or Korean flounder, is a left-eyed flatfish of family Paralichthyidae native to the subtropical/temperate western pacific from the Sea of Okhotsk off south eastern Russia, along Japanese shores to the South China Sea. It grows up to about 1 meter long and 10 kg. The adults live in waters 100 m or more deep, and migrate into shallow waters in the spring to spawn. Young flounders eat small invertebrates such as mysids and brine shrimp, mature to about 10 cms long and then move to deeper waters where they begin eating small fish. In the early 1990s, overfishing of this species caused natural populations to precipitously decline; at this point olive flounder became widely cultured in Korea, Japan and China. Olive flounder is now one of the most important marine species cultured in Korea, this country produces 70% of the olive flounder on the world market, mainly in on-land facilities. (
Bai and Okorie 2007;
Fujii and Noguchi 1993;
Korea-US Aquaculture, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI).;
Wikipedia 2011)
Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
An important Japanese food-fish, which attains a large size. Most highly prized of the Japanese flounders. Caught with bottom trawls and other nets. The most common fishing techniques are "demersal bottom trawling" and "groundfish longlining". The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 8 877 t. The countries with the largest catches were Japan (7 198 t) and Korea, Republic of (1 679 t).
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
Benthic, lives mainly on sandy bottoms,from a few meters to about 150 m.Feeds mainly on crustaceans, molluscs, worms and small fishes.
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
Attains about 80 cm standard length.
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Western Pacific Ocean from the Kuril Islands, Japan to the South China Sea.
Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Body elongated and deep. Mout large; maxillary extending beyond posterior margin of lower eye. Teeth on both jaws uniserial, strong and canine like. Interorbital flattish, its width about ½ of eye diameter. Scales very small; lateral line with 107-120 scales. Total gillrakers on first arch 6 + 15-18. Dorsal rays 77-81. Anal rays 59-61. Pectoral rays 12-13 (ocular side), middle rays branched on both sides. Vertebrae 11 + 27. Colour greyish or brownish, speckled and spoted with dark brown, the spots sometimes arranged in rings or half rings; body often with numerous small white spots; median fins mottled and spotted with darker; pectoral sometimes with irregular dark cross-bars.
Amaoka, K. - 1984 Paralichthyidae. In: H. Masuda; K. Amaoka; C. Araga; T. Uyeno; T. Yoshino (eds.). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai. Univ. Press. 346-347.
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Juveniles feed on mysids and small crangonid shrimp (Ref. 53638).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 77 - 81; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 59 - 61; Vertebrae: 38
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Edwardsiellosis. Bacterial diseases
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Parvicapsula Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Rhabdovirus Disease. Viral diseases
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Most highly prized of the Japanese flounders.
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於西太平洋區，包括韓國、日本、台灣至南中國海。台灣產於西南部、北部及澎湖海域。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
高經濟價值魚種，一般漁法以一支釣、底拖網或延繩釣捕獲。肉質佳，以生魚片、清蒸或紅燒食之。已可人工養殖。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長卵圓形；
兩眼均在左側；兩眼間具骨脊或略寬，上眼稍較下眼稍前，上眼前方微凸。頭中型。口大；上頜延伸至下眼後緣；上頜下方有一突起；上下頜齒大而呈大犬齒狀。鰓耙長扁且具鋸齒，呈櫛狀，第一鰓弓鰓耙數5-6+14-16。鱗中型，背鰭與臀鰭鰭條均被鱗，眼側被小櫛鱗，盲側被圓鱗；左右側均具側線，鱗數108-120。背鰭起點在上眼前緣上方，軟條數66-84；臀鰭軟條數51-63；胸鰭短於頭長，中部具分枝；尾鰭楔形。體暗灰褐色，體有許多環紋及小暗點，側線直走部中央及前部上下各具一約略等大於眼徑之暗斑；盲側灰白色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於沿岸及大陸棚砂泥質的海域。肉食性魚類，主要捕食底棲性的甲殼類或是其它種類的小魚。
Olive flounder
provided by wikipedia EN
The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), bastard halibut or Korean halibut, is a temperate marine species of large-tooth flounder native to the North-western Pacific Ocean.
It is often referred to as the Korean flatfish (광어) or Japanese flatfish when mentioned in the context of those countries. It is the highest valued finfish in the world, known to be excellent for aquaculture due to a rapid growth rate and popularity in Korea.[1]
It reaches a length of 103 cm (41 in) and a weight of 9.1 kg (20 lb).[2] In 2017 its genome and transcriptome was sequenced as a model to study flatfish asymmetry.[3]
Habitat and diet
The olive flounder is often found in soft and muddy offshore, coastal areas where the water level goes down to 100 m in depth. The temperature of water in these areas range from 21- 24 °C or 69 -75 °F.[1] Some flounder have been found in the Mariana Trench.
Olive flounder typically eat fish spawn, crustaceans, polychaetes, and small fish.
Life cycle
Olive flounder spawn anytime from January through August in shallow water, roughly about 70 cm in depth. The egg and larvae remain that way for about 24–50 days after hatching. Once they begin their metamorphosis process, they move towards more sandy areas and feed on shrimp. After achieving metamorphosis, the flounder move offshore and begin feeding on bigger fish in order to grow to their adult size.[1]
How they become "flatfish"
Olive flounder first start out upright like normal fish, but then after 24 to 50 days after hatching they turn onto their side. Their previous side now becomes their belly or their backside and then their eye and nostril move towards what is now considered the back. This process is typically called the "metamorphosis."[1]
Aquaculture
The olive flounder is the most common flatfish species raised in aquaculture in Korea. They are raised in Japan and China as well. It is the most highly prized of the Japanese flounders. Although the aquaculture for the olive flounder started from the late 1980s, its commercial production didn't begin on a major scale until the 1990s in Korea.
Parasites and food poisoning
The myxozoan Kudoa septemlineata has been described in 2010 from olive flounder from Korea.[4] This microscopic parasite infects the trunk muscles of the olive flounder where it causes myoliquefaction. Ingestion of raw fish containing K. septemlineata spores has been reported as a cause of food poisoning (gastroenteritis) in Japan since 2003.[5][6] However, laboratory studies performed in 2015 and 2016 on adult[7] and suckling mice[8] showed that K. septemlineata spores were excreted in faeces and did not affect the gastrointestinal tract.
Appearances in media
The olive flounder has appeared in the video game series Animal Crossing as one of the various fish species the player is able to catch using a fishing rod.[9]
See also
References
-
^ a b c d Bai, Sungchul C.; Lee, Seunghyung (2010-04-19). "Culture of Olive Flounder: Korean Perspective". In Daniels, H. V.; Watanabe, W. O. (eds.). Practical Flatfish Culture and Stock Enhancement. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 156–168. doi:10.1002/9780813810997.ch9. ISBN 978-0-8138-1099-7.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Paralichthys olivaceus" in FishBase. May 2014 version.
-
^ Shao, Changwei; Bao, Baolong; Xie, Zhiyuan; Chen, Xinye; Li, Bo; Jia, Xiaodong; Yao, Qiulin; Ortí, Guillermo; Li, Wenhui (January 2017). "The genome and transcriptome of Japanese flounder provide insights into flatfish asymmetry". Nature Genetics. 49 (1): 119–124. doi:10.1038/ng.3732. ISSN 1061-4036. PMID 27918537.
-
^ Matsukane, Yuuki; Sato, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Shuhei; Kamata, Yoichi; Sugita-Konishi, Yoshiko (2010). "Kudoa septempunctata n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from an aquacultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) imported from Korea". Parasitology Research. 107 (4): 865–872. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1941-8. ISSN 0932-0113.
-
^ Kawai, T.; Sekizuka, T.; Yahata, Y.; Kuroda, M.; Kumeda, Y.; Iijima, Y.; Kamata, Y.; Sugita-Konishi, Y.; Ohnishi, T. (2012). "Identification of Kudoa septempunctata as the Causative Agent of Novel Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Japan by Consumption of Paralichthys olivaceus in Raw Fish". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 54 (8): 1046–1052. doi:10.1093/cid/cir1040. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 22281845.
-
^ Iwashita, Yoshiaki; Kamijo, Yoshito; Nakahashi, Susumu; Shindo, Akihiro; Yokoyama, Kazuto; Yamamoto, Akitaka; Omori, Yukinari; Ishikura, Ken; Fujioka, Masaki; Hatada, Tsuyoshi; Takeda, Taichi; Maruyama, Kazuo; Imai, Hiroshi (2013). "Food Poisoning Associated with Kudoa Septempunctata". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 44 (5): 943–945. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.11.026. ISSN 0736-4679. PMID 23357380.
-
^ Ahn, Meejung; Woo, Hochoon; Kang, Bongjo; Jang, Yeounghwan; Shin, Taekyun (2015). "Effect of oral administration of Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 in adult BALB/c mice". Parasite. 22: 35. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015035. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4668110. PMID 26630307.
-
^ Jang, Yeounghwan; Ahn, Meejung; Bang, Hyojin; Kang, Bongjo (2016). "Effects of Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 isolate from Korea on ddY suckling mice". Parasite. 23: 18. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016020. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4828580. PMID 27067108.
-
^ "Animal Crossing: New Horizons Fish Guide - How To Catch, Prices, Shadow Sizes, And More". GameSpot. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Olive flounder: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), bastard halibut or Korean halibut, is a temperate marine species of large-tooth flounder native to the North-western Pacific Ocean.
It is often referred to as the Korean flatfish (광어) or Japanese flatfish when mentioned in the context of those countries. It is the highest valued finfish in the world, known to be excellent for aquaculture due to a rapid growth rate and popularity in Korea.
It reaches a length of 103 cm (41 in) and a weight of 9.1 kg (20 lb). In 2017 its genome and transcriptome was sequenced as a model to study flatfish asymmetry.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
