Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
In Australia, fish are males at 24-47 cm FL, hermaphrodites at 25-46 cm FL and females at 28-72 cm FL. On the northeast Queensland coast, most blue threadfin are females by 45-50 cm FL. Hermaphroditic blue threadfin develop fom 1-2-year-old fish, and females first appear as 2-3-year-old individuals (Ref. 28736). Male fish probably commence sex reversal immediately after spawning (ie about April-May) and this condition may persist until after the next spawning period (Ref. 28736). The progression from hermaphrodites to females is complete by the following season.There is little information on the larvae, although nursery areas are known to be lower estuaries, tidal swamps and lagoons, and shallows along the foreshores (Williams 1997).
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Occur inshore (Ref. 75154). There is little information on the life cycle movements of threadfin salmon. Tagging programs (Ref. 28741) have shown that adult blue threadfin move long distances along the coastline for at least 150 km. Blue salmon form large schools in feeding and spawning habitats in coastal shallows (Williams 1997). Feed on prawns and fish (largely members of Mugilidae, Engraulidae, and Sciaenidae) with occasional polychaetes. Frequency of crustaceans to fish in the diet varies seasonally. Larvae (7-30 mm TL) feed mainly on copepods and mysids but also take shrimps and prawn larvae (Ref. 57343). Juveniles (31-60 TL) feed on prawns shrimps and mysids (Ref. 57343).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 14 - 16; Vertebrae: 25
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Neoechinorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Procerovum Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
This species is distinguished with the following characters: second dorsal fin soft rays 14 (rarely 13 or 15) pectoral fin rays 16-18 (mode 17, rarely 15 or 19), pectoral filaments 4; poredlateral line scales 71-80 (mode 73); scale rows above lateral line 9-12, below 13-15 (14); vomer with deciduous tooth plates on both sides, except in juveniles (< ca. 7.0 cm SL); posterior part of maxilla deep, 3-4% of SL; short tooth plate extension onto lateral surface of lower jaw, 7-9% SL. Colour of upper sides of head and trunk with slight darkish silver tinge, becoming lighter in lower sides; anterior margins of first and second dorsal fins blackish, remaining parts translucent and slightly blackish, respectively; pectoral fin membranes vivid yellow in life, except in large specimens > ca 35 cm SL which is dusky yellow; pectoral filaments white; anterior margin of pelvic fin yellow and other parts white; base of caudal fin yellowish, other parts blackish (Ref. 41639, 57343).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Adults occur mainly over shallow muddy bottoms in coastal waters. Also enter rivers (Ref. 3479, 6390, 11230). Juveniles found in estuaries. During winter, adults ascend the rivers. They usually form loose schools, although larger fish are more often observed in pairs or singly (Ref. 6390). Feed on prawns and fish (largely members of Mugilidae, Engraulidae, and Sciaenidae) with occasional polychaetes. Frequency of crustaceans to fish in the diet varies seasonally. Larvae (7-30 mm TL) feed mainly on copepods and mysids but also take shrimps and prawn larvae (Ref. 57343). Juveniles (31-60 TL) feed on prawns shrimps and mysids (Ref. 57343). Protandrous hermaphrodites. Marketed fresh, frozen, and dried or salted.
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-西太平洋區海域，包括印度至東南亞各沿海，北至菲律賓，南至巴布新幾內亞、澳洲北部等沿海。臺灣西南沿岸已有自東南亞引進人工養殖，野外偶而被捕獲，是否為逃逸或是放流的族群，尚須研究。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
肉質細緻鮮美，為高經濟價值魚種，清蒸是最適宜的烹調方法。已能人工養殖。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長而側扁。頭中大，前端圓鈍。吻短而圓。眼較大，位於頭的前部；脂性眼瞼發達，呈長橢圓形。口大，下位，口裂近水平；下頜唇不發達，只有近口角部份保留唇之構造；上下頜兩側均有牙齒，其外側有小齒；鋤骨及腭骨亦具齒。體被櫛鱗，背、臀及胸鰭基部均具鱗鞘，而胸鰭及腹鰭基部腋鱗長尖形，兩腹鰭間另具一個三角形鱗瓣；側線直，且向後方緩慢傾斜，有孔的側線鱗數為71-80；側線上鱗列數9-12(通常為10)；側線下鱗列數13-15(通常為14)；背、尾鰭的黑緣較不明顯；胸鰭鰭膜為鮮明的黃色(標準體長達35公分以上的大型魚則為暗黃色)；腹鰭的前緣黃色，其餘部分為白色。(林沛立編寫
20130415)
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於砂泥底質地形環境，包括沿岸、河口、紅樹林等半淡鹹水海域，皆可見其蹤跡。喜群棲性，常成群洄游，有季節洄游之習性，會隨著漁期到來而大量湧現。以蝦、蟹、魚類及蠕蟲等為食。
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
Eleutheronema tetradactylum és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels polinèmids[4] present des del golf Pèrsic fins a Papua Nova Guinea[5] i el nord d'Austràlia.[6][7][8] És reemplaçat per Eleutheronema rhadinum a l'Àsia Oriental (el Japó, la Xina i el Vietnam).[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] És un peix d'aigua dolça (entra als rius durant l'hivern),[39][40] salabrosa i marina; pelàgic-nerític; amfídrom[41] i de clima tropical (32°N-26°S, 47°E-154°E),[42] el qual viu entre 0-23 m de fondària[43] sobre fons fangosos i costaners. Els juvenils viuen als estuaris.[9] Pot arribar a fer 200 cm de llargària (normalment, en fa 50) i 145 kg de pes. Té 9 espines i 13-15 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 3 espines i 14-16 radis tous a l'anal. Té 4 filaments pectorals. Té les membranes de les aletes de color groc.[9][44][45][46] És hermafrodita.[9][47] Les larves (entre 7 i 30 mm) es nodreixen sobretot de copèpodes i de Mysida i, també, de larves de gambes. Els juvenils (entre 31 i 60 mm) mengen gambes i Mysida.[48] Els exemplars adults s'alimenten de gambes, peixos (Mugilidae, Engraulidae i Sciaenidae) i, de tant en tant, poliquets.[9][49][50] A Austràlia és depredat per la barramunda catàdroma (Lates calcarifer), Centropomidae, d'altres polinèmids, el cocodril marí (Crocodylus porosus), taurons i rajades.[51] És inofensiu per als humans i es comercialitza fresc, congelat, assecat o en salaó.[9]
Referències
-
↑ Bleeker P., 1862. Sixième memoire sur la faune ichthyologique de l'île de Batjan. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam v. 14. 99-112.
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ Shaw, G., 1804. General zoology or systematic natural history ... V. 5 (pt 1): i-v + 1-25, Pls. 93-132, 43+, 65+, 6+, 74+ and (pt 2): i-vi + 251-463, Pls. 132-182, 158+. General zoology or systematic natural history ... Pisces
-
↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
-
↑ Kailola, P.J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua Nova Guinea.
-
↑ Whitley, G.P., 1948. A list of the fishes of Western Australia. West. Aust. Fish. Dep. Fish Bull. 2:35 p.
-
↑ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
-
↑ Blaber, S.J.M., J.W. Young i M.C. Dunning, 1985. Community structure and zoogeographic affinities of the coastal fishes of the Dampier region of north-western Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 36: 247-266.
-
↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Ahmed, M., 1991. A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p.
-
↑ Assadi, H. i R. Dehghani P., 1997. Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, l'Iran.
-
↑ De Bruin, G.H.P., B.C. Russell i A. Bogusch, 1995. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Roma, FAO. 400 p.
-
↑ Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.
-
↑ Feltes, R.M., 2001. Polynemidae. Threadfins. P. 3090-3116. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). FAO, Roma.
-
↑ Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.
-
↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.
-
↑ Herre, A.W.C.T. i A.F. Umali, 1948. English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular Núm. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p.
-
↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p
-
↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.
-
↑ Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim i J.H. Kim, 2005. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seül, Corea del Sud. 615 p.
-
↑ Kottelat, M. i A.J. Whitten, 1996. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p.
-
↑ Kuo, S.-R. i K.-T. Shao, 1999. Species composition of fish in the coastal zones of the Tsengwen estuary, with descriptions of five new records from Taiwan. Zool. Stud. 38(4):391-404.
-
↑ Kuo, S.-R., H.-J. Lin i K.-T. Shao, 1999. Fish assemblages in the mangrove creeks of northern and southern Taiwan. Estuaries 22(4):1004-1015.
-
↑ Mohsin, A.K.M. i M.A. Ambak, 1996. Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malàisia. 744 p.
-
↑ Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak i M.N.A. Salam, 1993. Malay, English, and scientific names of the fishes of Malaysia. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malàisia, Occasional Publication Núm. 11.
-
↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
-
↑ Nasir, N.A., 2000. The food and feeding relationships of the fish communities in the inshore waters of Khor Al-Zubair, northwest Arabian Gulf. Cybium 24(1):89-99.
-
↑ Nguyen, H.P. i N.T. Nguyen, 1994. Checklist of marine fishes in Vietnam. Vol. 2. Osteichthyes, from Elopiformes to Mugiliformes. Science and Technics Publishing House, Vietnam.
-
↑ Nguyen, N.T. i V.Q. Nguyen, 2006. Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.
-
↑ Ni, I.-H. i K.-Y. Kwok, 1999 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.
-
↑ Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E. i K.K.P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the Mar de la South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667.
-
↑ Rao, K.V.R., 1995. Pisces. p. 483-506. A: Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. Índia. 673 p.
-
↑ Rau, N. i A. Rau, 1980. Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Alemanya. 623 pp.
-
↑ Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao i C.-Y. Wu, 1993. Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2): 113-140.
-
↑ Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
-
↑ Talwar, P.K. i A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volum 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
-
↑ Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim i Y.S. Kim, 1995. Names and Illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tòquio, Japó (xi + 288 pp.).
-
↑ Menon, A.G.K. i M. Babun Rao, 1984.
-
↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
-
↑ Motomura, H., 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae).
-
↑ Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee i C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Austràlia. 422 p.
-
↑ Grant, E.M., 1978. Guide to fishes. Quarta edició. Dept. of Harbours and Marine, Queensland. 768 p.
-
↑ Menon, A.G.K. i M. Babun Rao, 1984. Polynemidae. A: W. Fischer i G. Bianchi (eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Roma.
-
↑ Motomura, H., Y. Iwatsuki, S. Kimura i T. Yoshino, 2002. Revision of the Indo-West Pacific polynemid fish genus Eleutheronema (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Res. 49(1):47-61.
-
↑ Kowtal, G.V., 1972. Observations on the breeding and larval development of Chilka 'Sahal' Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw). Indian J. Fish. 19:70-75.
-
↑ Motomura, H., 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. Núm. 3. Roma, FAO, 117 p.
-
↑ Malhotra, J.C., 1953. The food and the feeding habits of the so-called Indian Salmon, Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw). J. Zoll. Soc. India 5:139-152.
-
↑ Salini, J.P., D.T. Brewer i S.J.M. Blaber, 1998. Dietary studies on the predatory fishes of the Norman River estuary, with particular reference to penaeid prawns. Estuar. Coast. Shelf-Sci. 46(6):837-847.
-
↑ FishBase (anglès)
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Eschmeyer, William N., 1990: Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.
- Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1998. Catalog of fishes. Publicació especial de la California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p.
- Motomura, H., 2004. Family Polynemidae (Rafinesque, 1815) threadfins. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (32):18.
- Rahman, A., K. Nayak, K. Khuda-Bukhsh i A.R. Khuda-Bukhsh, 1995. Somatic karyotypes of six species of teleosts (Pisces). Environ. Ecol. 13(1):151-154.
- Ricker, W.E., 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
- Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
- Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
Enllaços externs
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum 
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum: Brief Summary
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
Eleutheronema tetradactylum és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels polinèmids present des del golf Pèrsic fins a Papua Nova Guinea i el nord d'Austràlia. És reemplaçat per Eleutheronema rhadinum a l'Àsia Oriental (el Japó, la Xina i el Vietnam). És un peix d'aigua dolça (entra als rius durant l'hivern), salabrosa i marina; pelàgic-nerític; amfídrom i de clima tropical (32°N-26°S, 47°E-154°E), el qual viu entre 0-23 m de fondària sobre fons fangosos i costaners. Els juvenils viuen als estuaris. Pot arribar a fer 200 cm de llargària (normalment, en fa 50) i 145 kg de pes. Té 9 espines i 13-15 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 3 espines i 14-16 radis tous a l'anal. Té 4 filaments pectorals. Té les membranes de les aletes de color groc. És hermafrodita. Les larves (entre 7 i 30 mm) es nodreixen sobretot de copèpodes i de Mysida i, també, de larves de gambes. Els juvenils (entre 31 i 60 mm) mengen gambes i Mysida. Els exemplars adults s'alimenten de gambes, peixos (Mugilidae, Engraulidae i Sciaenidae) i, de tant en tant, poliquets. A Austràlia és depredat per la barramunda catàdroma (Lates calcarifer), Centropomidae, d'altres polinèmids, el cocodril marí (Crocodylus porosus), taurons i rajades. És inofensiu per als humans i es comercialitza fresc, congelat, assecat o en salaó.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Eleutheronema tetradactylum ist ein Meeresfisch aus der Familie der Fadenflosser. Neben Polydactylus quadrifilis ist er der größte von ihnen. In der kommerziellen Fischerei ist er sehr bedeutend.[1] Außerdem ist er ein proterandrischer Zwitter, er wandelt sich in einem Alter von etwa ein bis zwei Jahren vom Männchen zum Weibchen.[2]
Beschreibung
Eleutheronema tetradactylum erreicht eine Maximallänge von etwa 2 Metern.[1] Der Kopf nimmt für gewöhnlich 29 % der Standardlänge ein, die Schwanzflosse 32 %.[2] Die erste Rückenflosse besteht aus 8 Hartstrahlen. Die zweite, deutlich von der ersten getrennte, Rückenflosse hat einen Hartstrahl und 13 bis 15 Weichstrahlen. Die Afterflosse, bestehend aus 3 Hart- und 14 bis 16 Weichstrahlen, steht symmetrisch zur zweiten Rückenflosse. Beide sind konkav. Die große Schwanzflosse ist tief gespalten. Die untersten vier Strahlen der Brustflossen sind fadenartig verlängert. An diesen „Fäden“ befinden sich Sinneszellen, mit denen der Fisch den Meeresgrund abtastet. Im Vergleich zu vielen anderen großen Fadenflossern erscheint der Körper von Eleutheronema tetradactylum schlanker und weniger buckelig. Das Maul ist stark unterständig und reicht weit bis hinter die Augen, sodass ein merkwürdiger „Überbiss“ entsteht.
Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Biologie
Eleutheronema tetradactylum bewohnt den nördlichen Indischen Ozean und Teile des Westpazifiks. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom Horn von Afrika über die Süd- und Südostasiatische Küste, den Malaiischen Archipel und die Philippinen bis zur Nordküste Australiens. Das Tier bevorzugt seichte, küstennahe Gewässer mit weichem, schlammigem Grund. Dort ernährt sich der benthopelagische Fisch von Krebstieren und anderen Wirbellosen sowie von kleinen Fischen, zum Beispiel Sardinen. Larven ernähren sich hauptsächlich von kleinen Krebstieren, beispielsweise von Ruderfußkrebsen, und Krebslarven. Der Fisch lebt in kleinen, losen Gruppen.[1] Während des Winters steigen ausgewachsene Exemplare in Flüssen hinauf.[1] Juvenile Exemplare bewohnen Flussmündungen.
Es handelt sich außerdem um einen proterandrischen Hermaphroditen. Bei einem Alter von ein bis zwei Jahren und einer Länge von 25 bis 65 Zentimetern findet die Geschlechtsumwandlung vom Männchen zum Weibchen statt.[2] Dementsprechend sind alle Jungfische Männchen.
Nutzung
Dieser Fisch spielt in der Kommerziellen Fischerei vieler Süd- und Südostasiatischer Länder sowie in Nordaustralien eine wichtige Rolle. Gefangen wird er vor allem mit Netzen.[2] Auch in Aquakultur wird er gehalten.[1] Für Sportfischer hat diese Art ebenfalls eine gewisse Bedeutung.
Quellen
Literatur
- Roland J. McKay: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 3. FAO Rom 2004. (PDF)
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c d e Eleutheronema tetradactylum auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
-
↑ a b c d Roland J. McKay: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 3. FAO Rom 2004. (PDF)
Weblinks
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum: Brief Summary
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Eleutheronema tetradactylum ist ein Meeresfisch aus der Familie der Fadenflosser. Neben Polydactylus quadrifilis ist er der größte von ihnen. In der kommerziellen Fischerei ist er sehr bedeutend. Außerdem ist er ein proterandrischer Zwitter, er wandelt sich in einem Alter von etwa ein bis zwei Jahren vom Männchen zum Weibchen.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
रावस
(
Marathi
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
रावस (इंग्लिश:blue threadfin किंवा fourfinger threadfin)हा सॅमन माशाचा प्रकार आहे. हा मासा सहसा किनाऱ्याजवळील उथळ पाण्यात सापडतो.[१] हे मासे विखुरलेल्या थव्यांतून असतात.[२] हिवाळ्यात हे मासे नद्यांच्या मुखात शिरतात.
हे मासे मुख्यतः झिंगे आणि इतर छोटे मासे खातात.[३]
अतिप्रमाणात मासेमारी झाल्याने रावसची संख्या आता कमी होत चाललेली आहे.[४]
संदर्भ आणि नोंदी
-
^ Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, Australian fisheries resources, 1993, p. 422, Reference 41639, FishBase; Retrieved: 2007-12-16
-
^ Menon, A.G.K. and M. Babun Rao, Polynemidae, 1984, Reference 6390, FishBase; Retrieved: 2007-12-16
-
^ Motomura, H., Threadfins of the world, 2004, p. 117, 57343, FishBase; Retrieved: 2007-12-16
-
^ Cheung, W.W.L., T.J. Pitcher and D.Pauly, A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing. Biol. Conserv, 2005, p. 97-111, Reference 59153, FishBase; Retrieved: 2007-12-16
रावस: Brief Summary
(
Marathi
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
रावस (इंग्लिश:blue threadfin किंवा fourfinger threadfin)हा सॅमन माशाचा प्रकार आहे. हा मासा सहसा किनाऱ्याजवळील उथळ पाण्यात सापडतो. हे मासे विखुरलेल्या थव्यांतून असतात. हिवाळ्यात हे मासे नद्यांच्या मुखात शिरतात.
हे मासे मुख्यतः झिंगे आणि इतर छोटे मासे खातात.
अतिप्रमाणात मासेमारी झाल्याने रावसची संख्या आता कमी होत चाललेली आहे.
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
provided by wikipedia EN
Eleutheronema tetradactylum, the fourfinger threadfin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which occurs in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean.
Description
Eleutheronema tetradactylum has two dorsal fins; the first has 9 spines and the second has 13–15 soft rays, with 13 being the mean. The anal fin has 3 spines and 14–19 soft rays. The pectoral fins have 16–18 rays, and there are 4 pectoral filaments. The upper sides of the head and body have a slight darkish silver tinge, lighting in the lower flanks. Both dorsal fins show a blackish anterior margin, with the remaining parts of the fins translucent and slightly dusky. The membranes of the pectoral fins are vivid yellow in smaller individuals, but in larger fish this becomes duskier. The pectoral filaments are white. The pelvic fins are white with a yellow front edge, while the caudal fin is blackish with a yellowish base. This species can attain a maximum total length of 2 metres (6.6 ft), although 50 centimetres (20 in) is a more normal size.[2]
Distribution
Eleutheronema tetradactylum has an Indo-Pacific distribution and ranges from the Persian Gulf to Australia and Papua New Guinea,[2]
Habitat and biology
Eleutheronema tetradactylum adults show a preference for shallow muddy substrates in coastal waters and they may enter rivers. The juveniles occur in estuaries. In the winter the adults move up rivers. It is normally observed in loose schools, but larger fish are more often recorded as pairs or individuals. It is a carnivorous species which preys on prawns and fish. The fish preyed upon are mainly grey mullets, anchovies and drums, and they sometimes feed on polychaetes. The ratio of crustaceans to fish fed on varies with the season. The small larvae have a diet dominated by copepods and mysids although they also feed on small decapods while larger juveniles feed prawns and mysids. This species is a protandrous hermaphrodite and Australian studies found that they were males at fork length of 24–47 centimetres (9.4–18.5 in), hermaphrodites at fork lengths between 25–46 centimetres (9.8–18.1 in) FL and females are found at fork lengths of 28–72 centimetres (11–28 in). Off the northeast cost of Queensland, most of the fish with fork lengths greater than 45–50 centimetres (18–20 in) are females. The hermaphroditic fish form once they reach 1- to 2-year-old, and then females begin to appear at 2-3-years old. It is thought that the males change to hermaphrodites just after spawning in April and May and they remain in a hermaphroditic state until the next breeding season is over. They then progress from hermaphrodites to females before the breeding season after that. The larval stage is little known but it is known that lower estuaries, tidal swamps and lagoons, and the shallows along the foreshores are used as nursery areas.[2]
Usage
Eleutheronema tetradactylum is marketed fresh, frozen, and dried or salted.[2] This species is also used in aquaculture.[3] This species is one of an important commercial quarry for fisheries in Kuwait and the species is also taken as bycatch. They are one of the more expensive fish in the Kuwaiti and Iranian markets.[4]
Conservation
Eleutheronema tetradactylum has not had its global conservation status evaluated by the IUCN but it has been classified as Endangered in the Persian Gulf where the population appears to be in a rapid decline.[4]
Common names
Eleutheronema tetradactylum is a widespread and commercially important species and, as such, has a number of English common names, other than the fourfinger threadfin. In Australia it is known as the blue threadfin, although other names include blind tassel-fish, blue salmon, bluenose salmon, blunt-nosed salmon, burnett salmon, Colonial salmon, Cooktown salmon, giant threadfin, kingfish, Rockhampton kingfish, Rockhampton salmon, tassel-fish and threadfin.[5] In India names used include Gurjali fish in Bengali,[6] Indian salmon, white salmon, row ball and horse's friend.[2]
References
-
^ Motomura, H.; Matsuura, K.; Bishop, J.; Kaymaram, F. (2015). "Eleutheronema tetradactylum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T46087646A57168342. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
-
^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2020). "Eleutheronema tetradactylum" in FishBase. December 2020 version.
-
^ Hiroyuki Motomura & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2004). Threadfins of the World (family Polynemidae): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Polynemid Species Known to Date. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Vol. 3. Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 9789251051283.
-
^ a b Motomura, H.; Matsuura, K.; Bishop, J. & Kaymaram, F. (2015). "Eleutheronema tetradactylum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T46087646A57168342. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
-
^ "Eleutheronema tetradactylum". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
-
^ "Salmon Fish in Bengali (Read Now)". 5 December 2022.
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Eleutheronema tetradactylum, the fourfinger threadfin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which occurs in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean.
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum: Brief Summary
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
Eleutheronema tetradactylum Eleutheronema generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Polynemidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Senangin
(
Indonesian
)
provided by wikipedia ID
Senangin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) adalah sejenis ikan laut yang tergolong ke dalam suku Polynemidae. Ikan yang bernilai komersial penting ini menyebar terutama di perairan paparan benua Asia, mulai dari Teluk Persia ke timur hingga Australia dan Jepang selatan. Dalam bahasa Inggris senangin dikenal dengan nama Fourfinger threadfin, Giant threadfin, atau Indian Salmon.
Pengenalan
![src=]()
Lukisan menurut Henry S. Thomas, 1894
Ikan kuro yang berukuran sedang hingga besar. Berbentuk memanjang, panjang standar (SL, standard length) maksimal mencapai 160 cm; namun kebanyakan hanya sekitar 60 cm saja. Tinggi tubuh pada awal sirip dorsal pertama, 2,8-5 kalinya sebanding dengan panjang standar. Panjang kepala, 2,9-3,8 kalinya sebanding dengan panjang standar. Diameter mata lebih besar daripada panjang moncong.[2]
Sirip dorsal pertama dengan VIII jari-jari keras (duri); sirip dorsal kedua dengan I jari-jari keras dan 12-15 (rata-rata 14) jari-jari lunak. Rumus sirip dubur III, 13-17 (15); dasar sirip dubur lebih panjang daripada dasar sirip dorsal kedua, dan lebih pendek daripada batang ekor. Sirip dada terletak di bawah garis median; dengan 15-19 (17) jari-jari lunak tak bercabang dan 4 jumbai pendek serupa cambuk. Jumbai ke-3 atau ke-4 adalah yang terpanjang, mencapai pertengahan atau bahkan ujung sirip perut. Sisik-sisik dengan gurat sisi berjumlah 59-91 (77).[2]
Kepala dan punggung biru atau hijau keperakan. Perut putih keperakan atau kekuningan; pipi keemasan. Sirip-sirip berwarna kelabu, kadang-kadang tersaput kuning atau jingga, dengan tepi kehitaman. Jumbai sirip dada berwarna putih atau krem.[2]
Agihan dan ekologi
Senangin ditemukan tersebar luas mulai dari Teluk Persia di sebelah barat, ke timur menyusuri pesisir Samudera Hindia hingga ke wilayah perairan Paparan Sunda, Teluk Siam, perairan Taiwan dan Tiongkok, melintasi Nusantara dan Filipina, hingga ke Paparan Sahul dan pantai-pantai di Australia. Ke sebelah utara kemungkinan hingga Jepang bagian selatan.[2]
Sebagaimana umumnya kuro, senangin umumnya ditemukan di perairan pantai dekat muara sungai. Kadang-kadang masuk pula ke bagian yang berair payau, dan bahkan hingga ke air tawar.[3] Di perairan dengan dasar berpasir atau berlumpur[4].
Di perairan Papua, senangin memasuki usia dewasa pada saat panjangnya kira-kira mencapai 22 cm SL. Ikan-ikan ini berpijah di sekitar bulan Agustus di laut-laut di selatan Papua.[2]
Senangin dewasa terutama memangsa udang dan ikan-ikan yang lebih kecil, serta kadang-kadang juga cacing laut; sementara anak-anaknya memangsa udang dan krustasea kecil umumnya[5].
Jenis serupa
Eleutheronema tridactylum (senangin kuning) bertubuh serupa dan acap tertangkap bersama senangin. Perbedaannya, jenis terakhir ini memiliki sirip dada berjumbai-3, dengan sirip-sirip bertepi hitam yang sering tersaput warna keemasan.
Catatan kaki
Pranala luar
Senangin: Brief Summary
(
Indonesian
)
provided by wikipedia ID
Senangin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) adalah sejenis ikan laut yang tergolong ke dalam suku Polynemidae. Ikan yang bernilai komersial penting ini menyebar terutama di perairan paparan benua Asia, mulai dari Teluk Persia ke timur hingga Australia dan Jepang selatan. Dalam bahasa Inggris senangin dikenal dengan nama Fourfinger threadfin, Giant threadfin, atau Indian Salmon.
Ikan Senangin Rambu Empat
(
Malay
)
provided by wikipedia MS
Ikan Senangin Rambu Empat atau nama saintifiknya Eleutheronema tetradactylum merupakan ikan air masin. Ia merupakan sejenis ikan dalam keluarga Polynemidae dan genus Eleutheronema. Ia memiliki ekor berbentuk bercabang.[1]
Ia merupakan ikan yang penting secara komersial dan dijual di pasar-pasar sebagai makanan. Penangkapannya memerlukan lesen bagi memastikan ia tidak terancam oleh tangkapan melampau oleh nelayan komersial.[2].
Rujukan
Pautan luar
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Ikan Senangin Rambu Empat: Brief Summary
(
Malay
)
provided by wikipedia MS
Ikan Senangin Rambu Empat atau nama saintifiknya Eleutheronema tetradactylum merupakan ikan air masin. Ia merupakan sejenis ikan dalam keluarga Polynemidae dan genus Eleutheronema. Ia memiliki ekor berbentuk bercabang.
Ia merupakan ikan yang penting secara komersial dan dijual di pasar-pasar sebagai makanan. Penangkapannya memerlukan lesen bagi memastikan ia tidak terancam oleh tangkapan melampau oleh nelayan komersial..
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Reuzenkapiteinvis
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Vissen De reuzenkapiteinvis (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van draadvinnigen (Polynemidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 200 centimeter.
Leefomgeving
De reuzenkapiteinvis komt zowel in zoet- als zoutwater voor. Ook in brakwater is de soort waargenomen. De vis prefereert een tropisch klimaat en heeft zich verspreid over de Grote en Indische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 23 meter onder het wateroppervlak.
Relatie tot de mens
De reuzenkapiteinvis is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.
Opmerking
In 2016 werd een exemplaar van deze soort gevangen in de Zeeschelde nabij Branst.
Externe link
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties - Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Reuzenkapiteinvis: Brief Summary
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
De reuzenkapiteinvis (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van draadvinnigen (Polynemidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 200 centimeter.
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Cá nhụ bốn râu
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Cá nhụ bốn râu, cá chét, cá chét bùn[1] hay cá nhụ lớn (danh pháp hai phần: Eleutheronema tetradactylum) là loài cá thuộc họ Cá vây tua (Polynemidae)[2]. Đây là loài cá nuôi có giá trị thương phẩm cao[2] sống ở tầng đáy vùng ven biển[3], tạo thành các đàn cá lẻ nhỏ[4]. Cá trưởng thành của loài dễ bị thương tổn này[5] bơi vào các con sông trong mùa đông[4]. Cá trưởng thành ăn các loại tôm và cá con, đôi khi ăn cả các loại giun nhiều tơ (Polychaeta)[6] trong khi cá non ăn các loại tôm tép nhỏ và các loài giáp xác tựa như tôm thuộc họ Mysidae[6].
Đặc điểm
Vây lưng 9; tia vây lưng mềm 13-15. Vây hậu môn 3; tia vây hậu môn mềm 14-16. Tua ngực 4; các màng vây có màu vàng sặc sỡ khi còn sống, ngoại trừ ở các mẫu vật lớn với chiều dài chuẩn lớn hơn khoảng 35 cm. Xương lá mía với các tấm răng sớm rụng ở cả hai phía, ngoại trừ ở cá non. Phần sau của hàm trên sâu, chiếm 3-4% chiều dài chuẩn. Phần mở rộng tấm răng ngắn vào mặt bên của hàm dưới, chiếm 7-9% chiều dài chuẩn.
Loài này có chiều dài tổng cộng trung bình khoảng 50 cm, mặc dù có những cá thể với chiều dài tổng cộng tới 200 cm và nặng tới 145 kg.
Cá nhụ bốn râu sống trong vùng đáy nông nhiều bùn với môi trường nước mặn hay nước lợ ven biển trong khu vực nhiệt đới với tọa độ khoảng 32° vĩ bắc - 26° vĩ nam, 47° kinh đông - 154° kinh đông, trong khu vực từ vịnh Ba Tư tới Papua New Guinea và bắc Australia.
Hình ảnh
Atlantic threadfin (Polydactylus octonemus).jpg
Chú thích
-
^ Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.16.
- ^ a ă Motomura H., Y. Iwatsuki, S. Kimura & T. Yoshino, Revision of the Indo-West Pacific polynemid fish genus Eleutheronema, 2002, tr. 47-61, Reference 41639, FishBase; Tra cứu 16-12-2007
-
^ Kailola P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee & C. Grieve, Australian fisheries resources, 1993, tr. 422, Reference 41639, FishBase; Tra cứu 16-12-2007
- ^ a ă Menon A.G.K. & M. Babun Rao, Polynemidae, 1984, Reference 6390, FishBase; Tra cứu 16-12-2007
-
^ Cheung W.W.L., T.J. Pitcher & D.Pauly, A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing Biol. Conserv, 2005, tr. 97-111, Reference 59153, FishBase; Tra cứu 16-12-2007
- ^ a ă Motomura H., Threadfins of the world, 2004, tr. 117, 57343, FishBase; Tra cứu 16-12-2007
Tham khảo
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Cá nhụ bốn râu: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Cá nhụ bốn râu, cá chét, cá chét bùn hay cá nhụ lớn (danh pháp hai phần: Eleutheronema tetradactylum) là loài cá thuộc họ Cá vây tua (Polynemidae). Đây là loài cá nuôi có giá trị thương phẩm cao sống ở tầng đáy vùng ven biển, tạo thành các đàn cá lẻ nhỏ. Cá trưởng thành của loài dễ bị thương tổn này bơi vào các con sông trong mùa đông. Cá trưởng thành ăn các loại tôm và cá con, đôi khi ăn cả các loại giun nhiều tơ (Polychaeta) trong khi cá non ăn các loại tôm tép nhỏ và các loài giáp xác tựa như tôm thuộc họ Mysidae.
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四指馬鮁
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Eleutheronema rhadinumJordan & Evermann, 1902 四指馬鮁（鮁，音霸），或四絲馬鮁，也稱為印度鮭，俗名鯃魚 (午魚、午仔魚)、竹午筍鮁（午筍、竹午、大午）、馬友魚，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目馬鮁科的其中一個種。這個著名水產養殖高經濟魚類，主要出現在沿海水域，鬆散淺泥底。群棲性魚類，常成群洄游，有時游入河口或紅樹林內覓食。高度脆弱的成年物種在冬季進入河流。成魚捕食蝦和魚，青少年魚捕食蝦和糠蝦。
分佈
本魚分佈於印度西太平洋區，包括波斯灣、斯里蘭卡、印度、孟加拉灣、安達曼海、泰國、緬甸、柬埔寨、馬來西亞、菲律賓、印尼、日本、台灣、中國沿海、澳洲等海域。[1]
深度
水深0至23公尺。
特徵
本魚體延長而側扁，長可達到約2米的最大長度。吻短而鈍，下唇僅見於口角，齒露出於上下頜之外，無鰾。胸鰭具4枚游離之絲狀軟條。體背部為灰褐色，腹側乳白色。背鰭、臀鰭、胸鰭及尾鰭為灰黑色。背鰭硬棘9枚、軟條13至15枚；臀鰭硬棘3枚、軟條14至16枚。體長可達2公尺。
生態
為熱帶沿海洄游性魚類，常群棲息在內灣、河口及沙泥質海床，以無脊椎動物為食，並常成群湧向潮間帶覓食。
經濟利用
可水產養殖高經濟魚類，肉質細嫩鮮美，頗具經濟價值的食用魚，乾煎或油炸都相當美味。
臺灣人重視此魚類，列為十大美味魚類之一，稱一鯃、二紅沙、三鯧、四馬加、五鮸、六嘉鱲、七赤鯮、八馬頭、九烏喉、十寸子。
在中國廣東地區，常用於製作鹹魚。
参考文献
-
^ 1.0 1.1 中國科學院動物研究所. 四指馬鮁. 《中國動物物種編目數據庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009年4月11日]. （原始内容存档于2016年3月5日）.
四指馬鮁: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
四指馬鮁（鮁，音霸），或四絲馬鮁，也稱為印度鮭，俗名鯃魚 (午魚、午仔魚)、竹午筍鮁（午筍、竹午、大午）、馬友魚，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目馬鮁科的其中一個種。這個著名水產養殖高經濟魚類，主要出現在沿海水域，鬆散淺泥底。群棲性魚類，常成群洄游，有時游入河口或紅樹林內覓食。高度脆弱的成年物種在冬季進入河流。成魚捕食蝦和魚，青少年魚捕食蝦和糠蝦。
.jpg)
