NO NAME!

Slo.: donk, uhelj, uhati drhtavez

Slo.: Queletova golobica - Habitat: Young dense patch of Picea abies stand within predominantly Fagus sylvatica forests, south incline mountain slope, calcareous ground, no ground vegetation, shallow soil layer, warm place but total shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 920 m (3,000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, almost certainly mycorrhiza with Picea abies. - Comments: Growing in loose group of several species; pileus diameter 8(10) cm, (3(4) inch), taste burning, smell fresh but not strong, flesh brittle, SP crme, pileus cuticle doesn't peel easily (the mushrooms were quite dry). - Spore dimensions: Warty, 8,0 (SD = 0,4) x 7,2 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,13 (SD = 0,04), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 923 (2) http://www.terra.hu/gomba/html/russula_queletii.html (3) http://www.nahuby.sk/atlas-hub/Russula-queletii/Plavka-Queletova/Holubinka-Queletova/ID465 (4) http://www.pilz-baden.ch/galerie/queletii.html (5) Personal communication; determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si and Mr. Anton Poler.

Slo.: mecesnova mlečnica - Habitat: mountain pasture with scattered groups of Larix decidua and Picea abies trees, full sun, modestly inclined mountain slope, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, under Larix decidua. - Comments: Growing scattered solitary and in groups; several pilei present.This mushroom grows mostly in the Alps and is strictly growing under Larix decidua trees. Is it edible or not seems questionable. In the literature one can find everything - from delicious, edible, conditionally edible to not edible. Pileus diameter up to 9 cm, stipe 4-5 cm and 1.2 - 1.4 cm diameter; smell distinctive, fresh, pleasant, like fruit jam; taste mild, pleasant, like nuts; flesh brittle; SP very faint, whitish(?); milk white, not abundant, not changing color for a long time. - Spores warty. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.8) x 7.5 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 19. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 82. (3) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 246 (4) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 194.

Slo.: belkasta kostenelka - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly broad leaved trees and bushes, flat terrain, in shade, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead Corylus avelana branch lying on ground, partly rotten but still in bark, about 4 cm in diameter. - Comments: Growing solitary, young specimen, pileus length about 5 cm (2 inches), quite strong 'mushroomy' smell, flesh leathery, SP faint, may be whitish? When found completely snow white, after two days (when photographed) somewhat beige. Extremely dense and small pores up to 12 pores/mm. Spore smooth, very small; hence measurements unreliable (with my equipment). Dimensions: 3.4 (SD = 0.4) x 0.7 (SD = 0.1) micr., Q = 5.43 (SD = 1.15), n = 22. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 315. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=323593 (3) http://www.funghiitaliani.it/index.php?showtopic=39403 (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 510.

Slo.: rjasti lepozob - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Decomposing tree litter and soil among roots of an old Picea abies - Ref.: http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986 - G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300

Slo.: okata bjerkandera - Habitat: Light mixed wood with some ground vegetation, flysh bedrock, flat terrain, mostly in shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen, to some degree rotten, trunk of a deciduous tree, overgrown with mosses. - Comment: Many fruit bodies. These are young specimens. Odor 'mushroomy'. Basidiocarps annual. Spores were not obtained. Thanks to Irene Andersson, MushroomObserver.com for identification. Identification is not completely certain. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Irene Andersson, MushroomObserver.com (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 141 (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 596 (4) http://www.naturspaziergang.de/Pilze.htm (5) http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r157182.htm

Lactarius xanthogalactus, commonly known as the yellow-staining milkcap is a poisonous species of fungus in the family Russulaceae and found in Sonoma County.

Slo.: bukova mlenica - syn.: Lactarius viridis (Schrader) Quel. - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 9 deg C, elevation 665 m (2.180 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil, Fagus sylvatica leaf litter. Comments: Lactarius blennius is not showy mushroom. It is of pale, grayish, greenish, brownish colors, which are in addition quite variable. The species is common and keeps with Fagus sylvatica (in mycorrhizal relation) in almost the whole region there this tree thrives. Experts are able to resolve two varieties of this species: Lactarius blennius var. blennius and Lactarius blennius var. fluens. I was unable to assign this find to one of them. Following the key of Section 6 of Lactarius (Ref.: 2, p383) this should be Lactarius blennius var. blennius based on piled dimension (3 - 7 cm for var. blennius contrary to 5 - 12 cm for var. fluens) or Lactarius blennius var. fluens based on strong production of milk (even in quite dry state!). Also variable hut color speaks for this variety. On the other hand, the absence of lighter, almost whitish hut edge speaks in favor of the first option. The only reliable microscopic trait (Ref.:8) - thickness of ixocutis - could not be used because of quite dry fruitbodies. Also, if one reads the description of both varieties in Ref. 9 the text is almost identical and the associated drawings definitely are such. Description of the find: six or seven pilei present in an area of about 4 x 3 m; pilei diameter 4.5 - 7 cm, surface almost dry, only slightly sticky (found after a long period of dry weather) but leaf debris firmly stuck to the hut surface speaking in favor of presence of a distinctive ixocutis; trama and gills of about the same thickness; milk instant, abundant, white, after a longer time, when almost dry, it becomes greenish-gray; gills bruise slowly and mildly darken to brownish, otherwise the fruitbodies do not discolor when handled; stipe 3.5 - 4.6 cm long, 9 to 12 mm in diameter; only minutely sticky; smell mild, pleasant, on fruits(?); taste first mild then distinctly burning but not very strongly; milk has the same taste; SP abundant, light beige with slight yellow tint, oac851. Spores with coarse ridges. Dimensions: (6,5) 7,1 - 8,2 (8,5) x (5,9) 6 - 6,8 (7,1) microns; Q = (1) 1,1 - 1,2 (1,4); N = 35; Me = 7,6 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 1,2; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, spore ornamentation in Melzer, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 50. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 387. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 86. (4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 424. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 196. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 958. (7) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 56. (8) J. Heilmann-Clausen, A. Verbeken, J. Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Fungi of Northern Europe Vol.2. (1998), p 287 S. (9) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 288.

Slo.: olta lisika, olta trobenta - syn.: Cantharellus aurora (Batsch) Kuyper, Cantharellus infundibuliformis var. tubiforis (Schaeff.) Maire, Cantharellus tubaeformis var. lutescens Fr., Helvella tubaeformis Schaeff. - Habitat: light mixed wood edge, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Salix eleagnos dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, north aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.005 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: moss covered soil under young Picea abies trees. Comments: Craterellus lutescens is generally considered as quite rare mushroom. It is in strong decline in many countries of Europe since it is very sensitive to air emissions by traffic and agriculture. It is protected by law in Slovenia. However, in Trenta valley the species is still quite common. It usually appears in large colonies having several tens of fruitbodies. Growing scattered in a large group of more than 30 fruitbodies; pilei diameter up to 7 cm, stipe up to 10 cm long and 2.1 cm in diameter; smell distinctive, fresh, typical on chanterelles, pleasant; taste mild, pleasant; flesh brittle, fibrous; SP yellowish, oac6. Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih vrstah gliv, Uradni list RS, t. 58/2011 (Regulation of protected wild fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 58/2011), (2011). Spores smooth. Dimensions: 9,7 [10,6 ; 11,1] 12,1 x 6,4 [7,4 ; 7,8] 8,8 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,4 ; 1,5] 1,6; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 10,9 x 7,6 microns; Qe = 1,4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.123456. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 370. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 273. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 450. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 8. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 306.

Slo.: rumeni jeek - syn.: Dentium repandum - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous nearly flat ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Forest soil among roots of an old Picea abies. - Comment: Probably mycorrhizal with Picea abies. Spore dimension: 6.0 x 6.6 micr, n=1. It fits to data in the refferences (1), (2), (6) and (7), but not with (4) and (5). - Ref.: (1)http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6126~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hydnum_repandum.html (3) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 298. (4) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (5) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1036. (6) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 420. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 618.

Slo.: pepelasti zvitoluknjiar - (syn.: Daedalea unicolor) - Habitat: Pasture land, southeast oriented slopes, full sun, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 550 m (1.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead trunk of a small Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground. - Comment: See an interesting story of the Cerrena unicolor, the Horntail Wasp Tremex Columba and the Ichneumonid wasp Megarhyssa at http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/mma/SC200304.html#cerrena - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Instituto di Patologia Vegetale, Uni. degli Studi di Bologna (1990), pp458. http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/poroid%20fungi/species%20pages/Cerrena%20unicolor.htm

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kosmata ploskocevka - Habitat: A clearing in mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, south oriented, moderately steep mountain slope, calcareous ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut off decaying branches of Fagus sylvatica. - Comment: Although this species has usually more or less green upper side of pileus due to algae, such intense green color is uncommon. - Ref.: Personal communication Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC, Tolmin, Slovenia. A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 529. M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 318. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 340.

Slo.: usnjata golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, moderately steep southwest inclined slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil rich in humus, among rotten leaves and wood debris. - Comments: Growing scattered but solitary, pileus diameter about 5-7 cm, taste very mild and smell indistinctive. Spore print intensive yellow-ochre. After some drying gills turned to almost golden yellow. Spore dimensions: 9,8 (SD=0,8) x 8,0 (SD=0,6) micr., Q = 1,22 (SD=0,08), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication; determined by Mr. Anton Poler. (2) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 101. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 893. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 66. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6023~source~gallerychooserresult.asp

Slo.: vrbov puta - syn.: Ochroporus cinereus (Niemel) Fischer, Phellinus alni (Bondartsev) Parmasto, Ochroporus ossatus Fischer, Fomes igniarius (Fr.ex.L.) Gillet - Habitat: Soa river shore, mixed forest (Pinus sp. and Picea abies dominant), south oriented slope, calcareous ground (conglomerate), humid air, sunny and relatively warm place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen trunk of Fagus sylvatica in its initial stage of disintegration and massively infected also with Schizophyllum commune and Hypoxylon fragiforme. Comments: Phellinus igniarius (group) is without doubt the most difficult 'species' for determination of all members of genus Phellinus (Ref.3 and 4). It is extremely variable morphologically, but also microscopically traits are variable and barely sufficient to separate several taxa of this group (P. cinereus, P. igniarius s.str., P. alni). Several authors do not recognize fully these taxa. Antioxidative and anti-cancer effects of Phellinus igniarius extracts have been observed.. There is no microscopy for this find; hence the determination is uncertain. However, young sporocarps of Phellinus igniarius often have roundish shape with rounded inflated pileus margin like this find. Dark (reddish) brown, woody and concentrically layered trama, pores and pileus surface and color correspond reasonably well to Phellinus igniarius, or, at least, this is the best fit I was able to find. Regarding substratum Salix is the most common for this species, but it has been found also on many other broadleaved trees. However, Fagus sylvatica is not mentioned in the literature available to me. This sheds some additional doubts in this determination. Growing solitary. 5% KOH on trama, pileus surface and pore surface dark-brown to almost back reaction. Pileus was woody/cocky, but not very hard to cut. (still young?). Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 321. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 260. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 455. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae, s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 412.

Slo.: tigrasta strnjenka - Habitat: Wet marsh, thicket of Salix sp. bushes, flat frequently flooded terrain, muddy ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Water soaked, rotten trunk of Salix viminalis or Salix fragilis almost completely buried in the muddy ground. - Comments: Growing in a small group of several fruitbodies, pileus diameter up to about 6 cm (2.5 inch), taste and smell initially mild, smell becoming strong and unpleasant (urine) during drying, SP white. Spores smooth, dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 3.3 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 2.2 (SD = 0.17), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 121. (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6282~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=164542

Also called tinder fungus, touchwood, punk and amaden. Another scientific name is Ungulina fomentaria.

Slo.: medla mlenica - Habitat: Steep mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, north oriented, relatively cool place, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, locally flat calcareous ground covered with a thick layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil covered with a thick layer of dead leaves. - Comments: Spore print creamy/light ocher with a slight pink tint. Smell indistinctive mushroomy. Spore dimensions: 7,9 (SD=0,8) x 6,3 (SD=0,5) micr., Q=1,3 (SD=0,09), n=30. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p193. (2) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 84. (3) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 961 (4) http://www.mycokey.com/MycoKeySolidState/species/Lactarius_pallidus.html , (5) http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/russulaceae/lactarius_pallidus.htm , (6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_pallidus , (7) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6291~gid~.asp , (8) http://www.ambmuggia.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=5543 .