NO NAME!

Slo.: malinova golobica - syn.: Russula alutacea (Pers.) Fr., Russula alutacea subsp. romellii (Maire) Singer - Habitat: grassland, former pasture gradually overgrowing with Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies; flat, calcareous, old alluvial ground; quite in shade; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: From far I thought I found Russula queletii. But totally white stipe, distinctly colored gills and the fact that it had mild taste quickly ruled this option out. Very dense, straw colored, very sparsely branched, with entire edge gills and almost no short gills that extend only part way to stipe, as well as other macroscopically traits and dimensions and surface ornamentation of spores fit well to Russula romellii. However, whenever I call to mind how many species exist in this genus I start to doubt in my determinations. Growing solitary. Pileus diameter 10.5 cm, taste and smell mild; SP beige-yellow-ocher, oac 812.Spores coarsely warty and/or spiny with ridges. Dimensions: 6.6 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.3 x 5.7 [6.7 ; 7.1] 8.1 microns; Q = 1 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.3; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 6.9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 12345, Ulmer (2000), p 501. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 314. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6., Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 234. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 33. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 411.

Slo.: mesnordea opnovka - Habitat: Mixed secondary forest with many large Corylus avellana, east oriented mountain slope, locally almost flat terrain, mostly in shade, humid place, shallow soil layer, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead fallen thick branch of Corylus avellana. - Comments: Spores smooth, dimensions: 9.1 (SD =0.9 ) x 4.6 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 2.06 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICSServer.aspx?Link=T&Rec=198384 . (2) http://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=22722 7 . (3) http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_83/rsnz_83_02_003990.pdf .

Slo.: cinobrasti drobnoluknjicar - Habitat: Light forest and bushes, mainly Corylus avelana and Ostrya carpinifolia, NW oriented calcareous mountain slope, quite sunny, exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 780 m (2.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen rotten branch of Corylus avelana

Slo.: dlakava slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest with individual Picea abies, calcareous conglomerate ground, quite humid but warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 485 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: half dead, standing Acer platanoides. - Comments: Growing in groups of many fruitbodies all over the trunk almost from bottom to up to 3 m (10 feet) above ground. Pilei in rather dry state, up to 5 cm (2 inch) across and 2.5 cm (one inch) from the substratum, zonate, beige, reddish, brown, green (algae), flesh leathery and tough, hymenium smooth. Smell mild, mushroomy. SP very faint, whitish (?). No milk secreted when injured. - See characteristic dark line between hymenophore and tomentum. - Spore smooth, cylindrical to ellipsoid. Dimensions: 6.4 (SD = 0.5 ) x 3.2 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.98 (SD = 0.18), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 316. (2) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 636. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 334. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 60.

Slo.: rombasti luknjicar - Syn.: Boletus arcularius Batsch, Polyporellus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (1880) - Habitat: Wood-side of a pasture land, southeast oriented slopes, partly sunny, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten thick branch of a deciduous tree lying on ground among grasses. - Comment: Determination not certain. Based on field characters only. - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Instituto di Patologia Vegetale, Uni. degli Studi di Bologna (1990), pp462.

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. . Indiana United States of America

Cuerpos fructíferos de Lactarius indigo (Schw.) Fries

Cuerpo fructífero de Phellinus gilvus (Schwein.: Fr.) Pat. Foto: Milagro Mata.

Cuerpos fructíferos de Lactarius deceptivus Peck. Foto: Milagro Mata

Cuerpo fructífero de Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murr.

Cuerpos fructíferos de Hericium americanum Ginns. Foto: Loengrin Umaña.

Cuerpo fructífero de Tinctoporellus epimiltinus (Berk. & Br.) Ryv., donde se nota cómo tiñe la madera de color herrumbreFoto: Eduardo Alvarado.

Slo.: črneča velezračenka - Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity). - Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) μ, Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, GrundkursPilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Syn.: Polyporus mori, Hexagonia mori - Habitat: Hardwood forest with a few scattered Picea abies, S oriented hill slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still hanging dead stalk of Clematis vitalba, about 12 - 14 mm (0.5 inch) in diameter and 30 cm (one foot) above ground. - Comments: Unusual substratum - dead Clematis vitalba. None of sources checked mentions Clematis as a possible substratum; fairly aged fruitbody; growing solitary, pileus diameter 28 mm (1.2 inch) yellow-beige (oac855), pores concolorous with the cap, stipe 4 mm in diameter about 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, slightly lighter than cap, no black color on it. SP faint whitish. - Spore dimensions: 10.8 (SD = 0.7) x (SD = 3.7) micr., Q = 2.96 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. -Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 602.

Slo.: brezlina kostenelka - syn.: Polyporus amorphus Fr. - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, calcareous, skeletal ground; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cutoff, partly debarked trunk of Picea abies lying on ground; on bark, on debarked wood and on laterally cut wood. - Comments: Growing on bark, on debarked wood, in between and on laterally cut wood in many fruit bodies, which were in resupinate, effuse-reflexed and pileate form; the resupinate form up to 12 x 6 cm in size, pilei confluent and up to 25 x 6(10) mm large; context duplex with a gelatinous layer above (very thin) tube layer and white cottony upper layer, all layers together 1.5 - 2.5 mm thick; fruitbodies soft, pliant when fresh and hard when dry; smell pleasant, mushroomy, slightly aromatic like perfumed soap, taste indistinctive (tasting on Picea bark); 5% KOH reaction on pore layer distinctly red, on pilei upper surface less pronounced, muddy orange-brown; SP very faint, probably whitish. - Comparing pictures in the literature and internet (pore layer color?), the find could also be similar and closely related Skeletocutis carneogrisea. However, the latter has somewhat smaller spores, is almost always resupinated (doesn't form pilei) and red KOH reaction is not reported (Ref.: 1). Since other traits fit well to literature I decided for Skeletocutis amorpha. - Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: 3.8 [4.2 ; 4.4] 4.9 x 1.2 [1.4 ; 1.5] 1.7 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.4; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.3 x 1.5 microns; Qe = 3. Generative hypha with clamps. Basidia dimensions: 12 [14 ; 15.5] 17.5 x 3.7 [4.3 ; 4.7] 5.3 microns; Q = 2.5 [3.1 ; 3.5] 4; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 14.8 x 4.5 microns; Qe = 3.3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, basidia); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 621. (2) A. Bernicchia, S.P. Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 502. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 577. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 290. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 506. Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8

Slo.: zelenkasta golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 8 cm, taste mild and smell indistinctive, spore print white. Spore dimensions: 7,8 (SD=0,8) x 6,4 (SD=0,6) micr., Q = 1,21 (SD=0,07), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ . (2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 95. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 855. (5) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (in Slovene), (2002), p 129.

Slo.: rni plutozob - Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. - Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). - About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.

Slo.: severnjaka poroznica - Habitat: Mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, slightly south oriented slope, calcareous bedrock, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 960 m (3,150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: quite fresh, still in bark, Picea abies stump. - Comments: Growing solitary, many young fruitbodies measuring up to 7 cm (2,5 inch) by 4 cm (1,5 inch), SP white with very minute ocher tint. Smell indistinctive. Spore dimensions: 6,0 (SD = 0,4) x 4,4 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,47 (SD = 0,11), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Found during 2010 amateur mycological meeting, in Bovec. - Ref.: (1) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 182 (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5780.asp . (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Climacocystis_borealis.htm . (4) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler.