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Burgan

Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson

Description

provided by Phytokeys
(Figs 4, 5, 6). Growth habit mostly trees up to 18 m, sometimes (such as on ultramafic rocks and soils) decumbent and trailing forming shrubs up to 2 × 1 m. Plants with tree-habit usually rather slender and gracile with a somewhat spreading canopy; those in exposed conditions branching at or close to the trunk base, while those growing in dense stands or sheltered sites usually with the lower half devoid of branches. Plants with a decumbent habit usually heavily branched, not rooting on contact with soil. Trunk 1(–4) arising from the ground, 0.10–0.60(–0.85) m d.b.h., mostly erect, slender, weakly flexuose; often basally buttressed, mature trees usually devoid of branches for the first 1–2(–4) m; decumbent plants with scarcely discernible trunk due to branches arising from or close to the base; basal portion of trunks covered with layers of somewhat firm to semi-detached, weakly tessellated, short to long, ± irregularly tabular lengths of subcoriaceous brown-grey to greyish-white bark. Bark early bark chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brown to grey-brown, ± elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky subcoriaceous, often coarsely tessellated or broken in long elongate sections, otherwise remaining firmly attached, if detaching then usually doing so along transverse cracks, and peeling inwards and upwards to leave distinct layers of elongate to coarsely tabular, chartaceous, flakes that are centrally attached, with sinuous margins; upper bark surface usually with much secondary peeling, these flakes similar to primary flakes but more distinctly chartaceous, smaller, narrowly elongate with widely sinuous margins; bark usually crumbling readily in hand, and breaking readily if pulled hard into numerous, small, ± tabular to distinctly irregular flakes. Branches depending on growth habit and situation, numerous, initially arising from close to or at trunk base but as plants mature basally thinning such that branches are retained only in the upper half of the tree; usually rather slender, initially ascending but soon spreading, with apices often distinctly pendulous, branch bases mostly clean, sometimes congested by partially decorticated bark; branchlets numerous, usually rather slender, gracile, initially ascending, soon spreading, terminal growth erect or pendulous; initially bright green or bronze green, sometimes red, ± quadrangular to subterete, glabrescent; new growth sericeous, indumentum initially copious, soon sparse, deciduous, hairs divergent 0.02–0.05 mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing silvery-white when young maturing silver-grey), apices straight not curled or curved; leaves of branchlets densely crowded along stems and brachyblasts; brachyblasts usually closely spaced, though in vigorous new growth they are sometimes quite widely spaced. Vegetative buds inconspicuous, usually obscured from view by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 0.5–0.8 mm diam. narrowly to broadly ovoid; scales often persistent; (0.4–)1.1 mm long, dark red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to lanceolate, rostrate to cuspidate; midrib strongly keeled, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on either side of midrib; scales glabrous except for the margins and apex; these densely invested in white, silky hairs. Leaves homophyllous; sessile, lamina surfaces glabrous, margins and the basal, adaxial portion of the midrib hairy (especially on young leaves); densely crowded (particularly toward apices) along branchlets and brachyblasts; initially obliquely ascending, mostly suberect to spreading when mature; lamina (4.0–)13.5(–25.0) × (0.5–)1.1(–1.8) mm, bright green to yellow-green, rarely dark green, adaxial surface often glossy when fresh, drying dull, abaxial surface paler; lamina linear, linear-lanceolate, to narrowly lanceolate, straight or with distal quarter weakly recurved, apex acute, sometimes cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial lamina surface flat to weakly concave, without obvious oil glands, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise scarcely evident, basal portion finely and sparsely covered with deciduous, antrorse-appressed sericeous hairs; abaxial surface flat to weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 200; midrib glabrous, usually not evident when fresh, sometimes weakly raised just near base, often not evident when dry but sometimes discernible as a slight groove for entire length; lamina margins initially very finely sericeous, becoming glabrate or glabrous; hairs when present antrorse-appressed, forming a fine, often discontinuous band failing just short of lamina apex, otherwise decurrent along leaf bases. Perules deciduous or persistent, (0.6–)0.8(–1.5) mm, initially squamiform, becoming foliose toward first flower, dark red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to lanceolate, rostrate to cuspidate; midrib strongly keeled, with one row of 4–12 oil glands on either side of midrib; glabrous except for the margins and apex; these densely invested in white, sericeous hairs. Inflorescence mostly a compact corymbiform to shortly elongate (3–)8(–15)-flowered botryum up to 60 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot corymbiform or extending as a slightly longer (up to 80 mm long) 6–15-flowered, elongate botryum with flowers usually crowded, terminal portion usually bearing undeveloped flowers and active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with short, weakly divergent silky hairs. Pherophylls foliose ± persistent, 1 per flower; lamina (3.0–)6.7(–7.8) × (0.9–)1.1(–1.4) mm, leaf-like pherophylls bright green (rarely dark green) elliptic, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface weakly concave to flat, oil glands scarcely evident up to 10; midrib scarcely evident at base only, surface glabrous; abaxial surface weakly convex or flat, oil glands up to 30; midrib scarcely evident at base only, lamina margin glabrescent, hairs as for leaf margins. Pedicels (1.6–)2.7(–3.8) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, usually glabrous, very rarely sparsely covered with divergent to weakly sericeous hairs. Flower buds pyriform to narrowly obconic, apex of mature buds weakly domed to flat, calyx lobes distant, not touching. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (4.1–)6.3(–8.3) mm diam. Hypanthium (1.4–)2.1(–3.2) × (1.9–)2.9(–4.1) mm, with free portion (0.4–)0.6(–1.0) mm long, bright green, bronze-green or yellow-green mottled with red; sharply obconic, apex terminating in a usually dark pink or crimson chartaceous rim bearing five persistent suberect to spreading calyx lobes (rim usually drying dark maroon to maroon-black); external hypanthium surface smooth, glabrous (very rarely glabrescent with basal quarter finely and sparsely covered with minute weakly antrorse hairs); oil glands, conspicuous, ± colourless; ribs not evident when fresh, conspicuous (along with venation) when dry. Calyx lobes 5, suberect to spreading, subcoriaceous, (0.4–)0.7(–1.0) × (0.4–)0.8(–1.0) mm, persistent, orbicular, obtuse to broadly deltoid, red-green, pink or crimson, keel not evident in fresh material, becoming prominent when dried, oil glands conspicuous, ± colourless, margins glabrous or finely ciliate; cilia white. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, darkening to crimson or dark magenta after fertilisation. Petals 5, (1.4–)2.2(–2.6) × (1.5–)2.2(–2.9) mm, white (often drying yellow), orbicular, suborbicular to narrowly ovate, spreading, apex rounded, margins often incurved, entire or very finely denticulate, oil glands usually not evident when fresh, ± colourless. Stamens (10–)18–24(–34) in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacle rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–5), antisepalous 2–3(–4). Antipetalous stamens outcurved usually with distal portion slightly incurved, on filaments 1.6–2.8 mm long, inner stamens if present, confined to the bases of the outermost antipetalous pair, 0.8–1.2 mm, incurved. Antisepalous stamens shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.6–1.2 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, rarely erect or outcurved, often in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.35–0.48 × 0.16–0.24 mm, broadly ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (14.1–)14.6(–17.3) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pink or pinkish-orange when fresh, drying red to orange, ± spheroidal to pyriform, ± immersed to half of length between anthers, ± coarsely papillate. Ovary (4–)5 locular, each with 16–21(–24) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 1.5–2.2 mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white, rarely basally flushed pink; stigma capitate, about 1¼ × the style diam., flat, cream or white, flushing pink after anthesis, surface very finely granular-papillate. Fruits rarely persistent, (1.9–)2.7(–3.4) × (1.8–)2.8(–3.9) mm, glabrous, initially dark green to reddish-green, maturing brown to grey-brown to grey-black; in all types fading with age to pale greyish-white, cupular, barrel-shaped, shortly cylindrical to hemispherical, calyx valves usually erect with the apices incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 1.00(–1.05) × 0.32(–0.50) mm, usually curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, obovoid, oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, or cylindrical and ± curved, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Nov–)Dec–Jan(–Mar). FT: Feb–Apr(–Aug). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004).
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bibliographic citation
de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185
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Peter J. de Lange
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Distribution

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(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, South Island (sea level–1600 m a.s.l.). Kunzea ericoides is endemic to the northern South Island north of and including the Wairau and Buller River catchments.
license
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Peter J. de Lange
bibliographic citation
de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185
author
Peter J. de Lange
original
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Kunzea ericoides ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src=
Kanuka ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Zur kanadischen Mittel- und Langstreckenläuferin siehe Lynn Kanuka-Williams.

Kunzea ericoides ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kunzea innerhalb der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). Bis 1983 war diese Art in die Gattung Leptospermum eingeordnet. "Kānuka" ist einer der Trivialnamen der Māori für diese Pflanzenart, andere māori-sprachige Bezeichnungen sind Mānuka-Rauriki („kleinblättriger Mānuka“), Māru, Mānuoea und Rāwiri, englisch white tea-tree.

Beschreibung

Vegetative Merkmale

Kunzea ericoides wächst als oft an der Basis verzweigter Strauch oder Baum. Exemplare in Neuseeland erreichen Wuchshöhen von bis zu 15 Meter und Stammdurchmesser von bis zu 40 Zentimeter. Mit seinen kleinen, aber sehr zahlreichen weißen Blüten kann der Baum einen ganzen Hügel weiß färben, so dass er wie schneebedeckt erscheint.

Die kurz gestielten, dicklichen Blätter sind länglich, schmal-elliptisch bis verkehrt-eiförmig bis -eilanzettlich und bis 25 mm lang und bis 3 mm breit, die Spitze ist spitz bis zugespitzt und sie sind mehr oder weniger fein behaart.

Generative Merkmale

Drei oder bis zu 15 gestielte Blüten befinden sich seitenständig in kleinen Gruppen in traubigen Blütenständen. Die weißen Blüten enthalten viele Staubblätter. Der Fruchtknoten ist unterständig.

Die mit einer Größe von bis etwa 4 mm relativ kleinen Kapselfrüchte bleiben nur kurz stehen. Sie enthalten viele, bis 1 mm große Samen.

Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka) und Kunzea ericoides werden als äußerlich ähnliche Arten oft verwechselt. Die Blätter von Kunzea ericoides sind jedoch weich, die von Leptospermum scoparium stechen.[1] Die Blüten, Kapselfrüchte und Samen der kleineren Leptospermum scoparium sind größer und die Kapselfrüchte bleiben ein Jahr stehen. Auch ist Kanuka sehr langlebig.[2]

Die Chromosomenzahl von Kunzea ericoides beträgt 2n = 22.[3]

Vorkommen

Kunzea ericoides ist in Australien und Neuseeland verbreitet. In Australien kommt Kunzea ericoides in den Bundesstaaten South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales und Queensland vor. Sie ist besonders in küstennahem Buschland verbreitet und besiedelt Land, das nach Bränden oder Aufgabe der Landwirtschaft brachliegt. Es gibt Berichte über ein Vorkommen in einer Höhenlage von bis zu 2000 Meter.

Verwendung

Aus den Blätter und Zweigen wird das Kanukaöl gewonnen.

Das Holz von Kunzea ericoides ist sehr hart und wird, obwohl es im Boden nicht dauerhaft haltbar ist, für Pfähle von Kais und für Werkzeuggriffe verwendet. Es ist besonders beliebt als Feuerholz, da es mit hoher Temperatur brennt.

Kakariki-Papageien verwenden die Rinde und Blätter von Kunzea ericoides und Leptospermum scoparium, um ihre Parasiten zu bekämpfen. Einerseits fressen sie die Pflanzenteile, andererseits kauen sie das Material und tragen es, vermischt mit dem Sekret der Bürzeldrüse auf ihre Federn auf.[4]

Die Pflanze wird gern von Honigbienen aufgesucht. Der von den Bienen gesammelte Honig wird regional als Kanuka-Honig bezeichnet, er ist ähnlich wie der Manuka-Honig.[5] Der Honig aus dem Nektar von Kunzea ericoides kann aber den Wirkstoff Methylglyoxal (MGO) nicht entwickeln; im Gegensatz zum Manuka-Honig fehlt ihmDihydroxyaceton (DHA) als Ausgangsstoff für die MGO-Synthese.[6]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. John Dawson, Rob Lucas: Nature guide to the New Zealand forest. Godwit, 2000, ISBN 1-86962-055-0.
  2. Kanuka and Manuka bei Great Barrier Island Environmental News, abgerufen am 29. Oktober 2018.
  3. Kunzea ericoides bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  4. Terry Greene: Antiparasitic behaviour in New Zealand parakeets (Cyanoramphus species). In: Notornis. Volume 36, Issue 4, 1989, S. 322–323: PDF.
  5. K. L. Allen, P. C. Molan, G. M. Reid: A survey of the antibacterial activity of some New Zealand honeys. In: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Band 43, Nr. 12, 1991, S. 817–22, PMID 1687577.
  6. Christopher J. Adams, Merilyn Manley-Harrisa, Peter C. Molan: The origin of methylglyoxal in New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey. In: Carbohydrate Research. 344(8), 2009, 1050–1053. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.020, PMID 19368902, Volltext (PDF; 275 kB) (Memento vom 9. August 2017 im Internet Archive).
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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src= Kanuka ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Zur kanadischen Mittel- und Langstreckenläuferin siehe Lynn Kanuka-Williams.

Kunzea ericoides ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kunzea innerhalb der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). Bis 1983 war diese Art in die Gattung Leptospermum eingeordnet. "Kānuka" ist einer der Trivialnamen der Māori für diese Pflanzenart, andere māori-sprachige Bezeichnungen sind Mānuka-Rauriki („kleinblättriger Mānuka“), Māru, Mānuoea und Rāwiri, englisch white tea-tree.

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Kānuka ( Maori )

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Ko te Kānuka he rākau whakaruruhau o Aotearoa. He āhua rite ki tō te Mānuka engari ko te tupu he rahi noa atu. Ko ngā pua he mā anō hoki, engari, he ririki ake. Ki ētahi, he ingoa reo Māori anō tō te rākau nei, arā he Mānuka rauriki. Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Kunzea ericoides; ko te ingoa pūtaiao tawhito he Leptospermum ericoides kē. Ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he White teatree.

Tohutoro

  • Metcalf, Laurie, 2002. A Photographic Guide to Trees of New Zealand. Tāmaki-makau-rau: New Holland.
  • Salmon, J.T., 1986. The Native Trees of New Zealand. Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara: Heinneman Reed.
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Kānuka: Brief Summary ( Maori )

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Ko te Kānuka he rākau whakaruruhau o Aotearoa. He āhua rite ki tō te Mānuka engari ko te tupu he rahi noa atu. Ko ngā pua he mā anō hoki, engari, he ririki ake. Ki ētahi, he ingoa reo Māori anō tō te rākau nei, arā he Mānuka rauriki. Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Kunzea ericoides; ko te ingoa pūtaiao tawhito he Leptospermum ericoides kē. Ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he White teatree.

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Канука ( Macedonian )

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Канука (латински: Kunzea ericoides, маорски: Kānuka, бело чајно дрво или бурган)[1] е дрво или грмушка која расте само во Австралија и Нов Зеланд. Сѐ до 1983 г., кануката се сметала за припадник на родот Тенкосеменици (Leptospermum).

Распространетост

Кануката се среќава во Австралија и Нов Зеланд. Во рамките на Австралија, таа вирее во Јужна Австралија, Викторија, Нов Јужен Велс и Квинсленд.

Најраспространета е во крајбрежните честаци и како колонизатор на претходно опожарен терен, или пак поранешно земјоделско земјиште кое се враќа во природна состојба. Забележани се примероци и на 2000 метри надморска височина. Со нејзините мали, но многубројни цветови, ова растение може да обои цел рид во бело, и со тоа да даде ефект на снежна падина. Дрвото е многу тврдо и, иако не е издржливо во земја, се користи за пристанишни колци и рачки за алат. Кануката е особено популарен огревно дрво и гори мошне интензивно, ослободувајќи големо количество на топлина. Во Нов Зеланд, кануката расте до 30 метри во височина, со пречник на стеблото до 1 метар.

Папагалите од видот Какарики (Cyanoramphus) ги користат листовите и кората на Кануката и на сродното дрво Манука, за да се ослободат од паразити. Освен што го голтаат материјалот, тие истиот го џвакаат, го мешаат со маслото од уропигијалната жлезда и така го нанесуваат на крилјата [2]. Мануката и кануката изгледаат слично и често пати луѓето ги мешаат - тие најлесно се распознаваат со опипување на листовите - Кануката има меки листови, додека Мануката има боцкави.[3]

Поврзано

Наводи

  1. „Канука“ е маорска заемка во новозеландскиот англиски. Други маорски називи се манука, манука-раурики (букв, 'ситнолисна манука'), мару, мануоеа и равири.
  2. Greene, Terry (1989): Antiparasitic behaviour in New Zealand parakeets (Cyanoramphus species). Notornis 36(4): 322–323. Целиот текст во PDF (англиски)
  3. "Nature guide to the New Zealand forest"- John Dawson, Rob Lucas, Godwit, 2000

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Канука: Brief Summary ( Macedonian )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Канука (латински: Kunzea ericoides, маорски: Kānuka, бело чајно дрво или бурган) е дрво или грмушка која расте само во Австралија и Нов Зеланд. Сѐ до 1983 г., кануката се сметала за припадник на родот Тенкосеменици (Leptospermum).

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Kunzea ericoides

provided by wikipedia EN

Kunzea ericoides, commonly known as kānuka, kanuka, or white tea-tree, is a tree or shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has white or pink flowers similar to those of Leptospermum and from its first formal description in 1832 until 1983 was known as Leptospermum ericoides. The flowers have five petals and up to 25 stamens which are mostly longer than the petals.

Description

Kunzea ericoides is a spreading shrub or tree, sometimes growing to a height of 18 m (60 ft) with bark which peels in long strips and young branches which tend to droop. The leaves are variable in shape from linear to narrow elliptic or lance-shaped, 6.5–25 mm (0.3–1 in) long and 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) wide with a petiole up to 1 mm (0.04 in) long. The flowers are white or pale pink, crowded on side branches or in the axils of upper leaves. The floral cup is covered with soft, downy hairs and is on a pedicel 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long. There are five triangular sepals about 1 mm (0.04 in) long and five petals about 2 mm (0.08 in) long. There are up to 25 stamens which are 1–4 mm (0.04–0.2 in), mostly longer than the petals. Flowering occurs between October and February and is followed by fruit which is a cup-shaped capsule 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long and wide. The capsule usually opens to release its seed when mature.[2][3]

Kunzea ericoides is very similar to the Australian endemics K. leptospermoides and K. peduncularis which were formerly included in K. ericoides. The new status of K. ericoides follows the publication of a paper entitled "A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex" by the New Zealand botanist, Peter James de Lange.[3][4]

Illustration of Kunzea ericoides.
In Puhi Puhi valley, near Kaikoura

Taxonomy and naming

Kānuka was first formally described in 1832 by the French botanist Achille Richard who gave it the name Leptospermum ericoides from a specimen he collected in New Zealand. The description was published in Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe - Botanique.[5][6] In 1983, Joy Thompson changed the name to Kunzea ericoides, describing the differences between Leptospermum and Kunzea in Telopea.[7][8] The specific epithet (ericoides) refers to the similarity of the habit of this species to that of Erica arborea.[9] The suffix -oides is a Latin ending meaning "likeness".[10] The taxonomic revision of the Kunzea ericoides complex identified ten species endemic to New Zealand, seven of which were new at this time.[3] A more recent analysis of the Kunzea complex observed little genetic variation and morphological distinction between the species, questioning the evidence for ten endemic Kunzea species and suggesting further revision.[11]

Common names for this species include kānuka, kōpuka, manuea, mānuka, mānuka-rauriki, mārū, rauiri, rauwiri, white tea tree,[9] and tree manuka.[12]

Kānuka can also refer to Kunzea robusta, it is a doublet of mānuka from Proto-Polynesian nukanuka or nuka which originally refers to Decaspermum fructicosum due to its similar small white flowers.[13]

Distribution and ecology

Kānuka (or mānuka, as it was mostly known until the 1930s) is only known from the north of the South Island. It is found north of the Buller and Wairau Rivers, and is most common near Nelson. It mostly grows in shrubland and forest in coastal and lowland areas, rarely in subalpine shrubland.

Members of the kānuka complex are found throughout New Zealand occurring on the Three Kings Islands, Aotea (Great Barrier Island), from Te Paki (on the Aupouri Peninsula) at the northern tip of the North Island to as far south as Dunedin and Central Otago in the South Island, and Stewart Island. Within this range kānuka is widespread ranging from coastal scrub and sand dunes (where it may form a distinct forest type) through lowland and montane forest, with one member of the complex reaching elevations of 2000 metres above sea level. Kānuka often colonizes land recovering after a fire and is a critical part of the natural recovery of agricultural areas and open disturbed ground to forest. With its small but abundant flowers it can colour a whole hillside white, almost giving the appearance of snow cover. The wood is very hard and although not durable in the ground it is used for wharf piles and tool handles. It is particularly popular as firewood, and burns with a great heat.

Kānuka can grow to around 10 metres high. Kākāriki parakeets (Cyanoramphus) use the leaves and bark of kānuka and the related mānuka tea trees to rid themselves of parasites. Apart from ingesting the material, they also chew it, mix it with preen gland oil and apply it to their feathers.[14] Mānuka and kānuka are superficially similar species and are often confused with one another. The easiest way to tell the difference between them is to feel the foliage, kānuka leaves being soft, while mānuka leaves are prickly.[15] K. ericoides may occur in the understory of certain rimu/nothofagus forests in the South Island. Typical associate understory species may include crown fern (Lomaria discolor) and Cyathodes fasciculata.[16]

Prostrate kānuka

A variety of kānuka, the prostrate kānuka (Kunzea ericoides var. microflora), is one of the few plants that can survive hot ground in the immediate surroundings of geothermal features such as fumaroles and craters, for instance at "Craters of the Moon" (Karapiti), a geothermal area close to Taupo, New Zealand.[17]

See also

  • Kānuka Hills, a range of hills in New Zealand named after Kunzea ericoides.

References

  1. ^ a b "Kunzea ericoides". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  2. ^ de Lange, Peter J. "Kunzea ericoides". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  3. ^ a b c de Lange, Peter J. (2014). "A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex". PhytoKeys (40): 1–185. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973. PMC 4154306. PMID 25197228. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  4. ^ Messina, Andre; Stajsic, Val. "Kunzea leptospermoides". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Leptospermum ericoides". APNI. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  6. ^ Richard, Achille (1832). Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe. Botanique. Paris: Henri Dupuy. pp. 338–339. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  7. ^ "Kunzea ericoides". APNI. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  8. ^ Thompson, Joy (1983). "Redefinitions and nomenclatural changes within the Leptospermum suballiance of Myrtaceae". Telopea. 2 (4): 379–380. doi:10.7751/telopea19834403.
  9. ^ a b "Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps". Landcare Research: Manaaki Whenua. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  10. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 45.
  11. ^ Heenan, Peter B.; McGlone, Matt S.; Mitchell, Caroline M.; Cheeseman, Dagmar F.; Houliston, Gary J. (2021-04-07). "Genetic variation reveals broad-scale biogeographic patterns and challenges species' classification in the Kunzea ericoides (kānuka; Myrtaceae) complex from New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 60: 2–26. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2021.1903946. ISSN 0028-825X. S2CID 234860363.
  12. ^ "Kunzea ericoides". Woolshed Thurgoona Landcare Group. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Proto-polynesian etymologies". Te Māra Reo. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  14. ^ Terry Greene. 1989. Antiparasitic behaviour in New Zealand parakeets ("Cyanoramphus" species). Notornis (journal)| 36(4): 322–323. PDF fulltext Archived 2008-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ John Dawson and Rob Lucas. 2000
  16. ^ Hogan, C. Michael. "Crown Fern Blechnum discolor". Globaltwitcher.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  17. ^ Given, David R. (1980). "Vegetation on heated soils at Karapiti, central North Island, New Zealand, and its relation to ground". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 18: 1–13. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1980.10427227.
  • John Dawson and Rob Lucas. 2000. Nature guide to the New Zealand forest, Godwit Publishing

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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary

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Kunzea ericoides, commonly known as kānuka, kanuka, or white tea-tree, is a tree or shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has white or pink flowers similar to those of Leptospermum and from its first formal description in 1832 until 1983 was known as Leptospermum ericoides. The flowers have five petals and up to 25 stamens which are mostly longer than the petals.

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Kunzea ericoides ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Kunzea ericoides ("kānuka, mānuka, rāwiri, māru, mānuoea, mānuka-rauriki"), en inglés "white tea tree", que se traduce en español como árbol de te blanco es un árbol endémico de Nueva Zelanda. Hasta 1983, el kanuka fue clasificado como parte del género Leptospermum.

Kanuka Tree in Puhi Puhi valley, near Kaikoura.jpg
Kanuka - foliage & blooms.jpg

Endémico de Nueva Zelanda

Kanuka (o manuka como fue mayormente conocido hasta la década de 1930) es endémico de Nueva Zelanda. Está distribuido particularmente en el matorral costero y coloniza las tierras que se recuperan después de los incendios o las revierte a su estado natural después de haber sido usadas para la agricultura. Sin embargo se le ha registrado creciendo en altitudes de hasta 2000 msnm . Con pequeñas pero abundantes flores puede colorear toda una colina entera, dando la apariencia de una cobertura de nieve. La madera es muy dura y sin embargo no es durable adentro de la tierra y es usada en pilotes para muelles y en mangos de herramientas. Es particularmente popular como leña, quemándose con un gran calor, el kanuka puede crecer hasta alturas de 30 metros de alto con un tronco de hasta y un metro de ancho.

Los periquitos kakariki (Cyanoramphus) usan las hojas del kanuka y el relacionado manuka para deshacerse de los parásitos. Aparte de ingerir el material, también lo mastican, lo mezclan con el aceite de la glándula uropígea y se lo aplican en las plumas.[1]​ La manuka y la kanuka son especies similares superficialmente y son con frecuencia confundidas la una con la otra –la manera más fácil de decir la diferencia entre ellos es al sentir el follaje – Las hojas del kanuka son lisas mientras las del manuka son cortantes.[2]

Especies relacionadas en Australia

En Australia hay especies emparentadas conocidas como Burgan, estas han sido confundidas en el pasado con la kanuka Nueva Zelanda pero recientes estudios moleculares y morfológicos muestran que ninguna de esas especies es la misma que la de Nueva Zelanda. Las especies de Burgan son en su mayoría arbustos pequeños (de hasta 5 m de alto) con lignotúberes y rizomas, sin embargo dos especies en el complejo K. peduncularis, y un número sin común de especies sin nombre en el norte de la frontera de Nueva Gales del Sur tienen la forma de un árbol (hasta 15 m de alto) más típica de las especies de Nueva Zelanda.

El grupo Burgan comprende siete especies (tres de las cuales tienen nombres actuales en Kunzea y cuatro de ellas todavía no han sido formalmente descritas) y son nativas de Australia Meridional, Victoria, Nueva Gales del Sur y Queensland. Kunzea leptospermoides, K. phylicoides, y un número extendido de especies de Victoria y Nueva Gales del Sur tienen tendencias de maleza y han probado ser un mayor problema en áreas de terreno en algunas estancias recientemente clareadas o incendiadas.

Sinonimia

  • Leptospermum ericoides A.Rich. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville (1832).
  • Baeckea phylicoides A.Cunn. ex Schauer in W.G.Walpers (1843).
  • Kunzea peduncularis F.Muell. (1855).
  • Kunzea leptospermoides F.Muell. (1856).
  • Kunzea peduncularis var. brachyandra Benth. (1867).
  • Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (1889).
  • Baeckea virgata var. polyandra Maiden & Betche (1898).
  • Kunzea phylicioides (A.Cunn. ex Schauer) Druce (1917).
  • Kunzea glabriuscula Gand. (1918).
  • Leptospermum phylicoideum (A.Cunn. ex Schauer) Cheel (1943).
  • Leptospermum ericoides var. microflorum G.Simpson (1945).
  • Kunzea ericoides var. linearis (Kirk) W.Harris (1987).
  • Kunzea ericoides var. microflora (G.Simpson) W.Harris (1987).[3]

Referencias

  1. Greene, Terry (1989): Antiparasitic behaviour in New Zealand parakeets (Cyanoramphus species). Notornis 36(4): 322–323. PDF fulltext
  2. Nature guide to the New Zealand forest- John Dawson, Rob Lucas, Godwit, 2000
  3. Sinónimos en Kew

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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Kunzea ericoides ("kānuka, mānuka, rāwiri, māru, mānuoea, mānuka-rauriki"), en inglés "white tea tree", que se traduce en español como árbol de te blanco es un árbol endémico de Nueva Zelanda. Hasta 1983, el kanuka fue clasificado como parte del género Leptospermum.

Kanuka Tree in Puhi Puhi valley, near Kaikoura.jpg Kanuka - foliage & blooms.jpg
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Kunzea ericoides ( French )

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Kunzea ericoides est un arbre ou un arbuste de la famille des Myrtaceae poussant en Australie (Australie-Méridionale, Victoria, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et Queensland) et Nouvelle-Zélande. Jusqu'en 1983 il était classé dans le genre Leptospermum.

Il est particulièrement courant dans les broussailles côtières et colonise les terres après un incendie ou plus utilisées pour l'agriculture. Il peut pousser jusqu'à 2 000 mètres d'altitude. Avec ses petites fleurs blanches abondantes, il peut faire devenir une colline toute blanche, lui donnant presque l'apparence d'une couverture neigeuse. Son bois est très dur et ne se conserve pas dans le sol. Il est cependant utilisé pour faire des pieux de quai et des manches d'outils. Il est particulièrement populaire comme bois de chauffage.

En Nouvelle-Zélande, il peut atteindre jusqu'à 30 mètres de haut avec un tronc d'un mètre de diamètre. Les perruches à tête d'or utilisent son écorce pour se débarrasser des parasites. En plus de la consommer, elles peuvent aussi la mâcher, la mélanger à l'huile de leur glande uropygienne et l'appliquer sur leurs plumes.

Sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (16 août 2011)[1] :

Notes et références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .

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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary ( French )

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Kunzea ericoides est un arbre ou un arbuste de la famille des Myrtaceae poussant en Australie (Australie-Méridionale, Victoria, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et Queensland) et Nouvelle-Zélande. Jusqu'en 1983 il était classé dans le genre Leptospermum.

Il est particulièrement courant dans les broussailles côtières et colonise les terres après un incendie ou plus utilisées pour l'agriculture. Il peut pousser jusqu'à 2 000 mètres d'altitude. Avec ses petites fleurs blanches abondantes, il peut faire devenir une colline toute blanche, lui donnant presque l'apparence d'une couverture neigeuse. Son bois est très dur et ne se conserve pas dans le sol. Il est cependant utilisé pour faire des pieux de quai et des manches d'outils. Il est particulièrement populaire comme bois de chauffage.

En Nouvelle-Zélande, il peut atteindre jusqu'à 30 mètres de haut avec un tronc d'un mètre de diamètre. Les perruches à tête d'or utilisent son écorce pour se débarrasser des parasites. En plus de la consommer, elles peuvent aussi la mâcher, la mélanger à l'huile de leur glande uropygienne et l'appliquer sur leurs plumes.

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Kunzea ericoides ( Portuguese )

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Kunzea ericoides é uma espécie de árvore encontrada exclusivamente na Austrália e na Nova Zelândia[1]

Referências

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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Kunzea ericoides é uma espécie de árvore encontrada exclusivamente na Austrália e na Nova Zelândia

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Kunzea ericoides ( Vietnamese )

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Kunzea ericoides là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1983.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Kunzea ericoides. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết phân họ thực vật Myrtoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Kunzea ericoides: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Kunzea ericoides là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1983.

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紐西蘭茶樹 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Kunzea ericoides
(A.Rich.) Joy Thomps.

紐西蘭茶樹,又稱馬奴卡松紅梅茶樹白茶樹,是桃金孃科常綠小灌木,生產在紐西蘭外海島。其葉子可以製茶。

参考文献

扩展阅读

 src= 維基共享資源中有關紐西蘭茶樹的多媒體資源

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紐西蘭茶樹: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

紐西蘭茶樹,又稱馬奴卡松紅梅茶樹、白茶樹,是桃金孃科常綠小灌木,生產在紐西蘭外海島。其葉子可以製茶。

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