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Atlantic Purple Sea Urchin

Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck 1816)

Morphology

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Purple sea urchins, like all sea urchins, are the porcupines of the sea. They have long spines in order to deter predators. Even the name, Sea Urchin, comes from the Old English term for spiny hedgehog. The Arbacia punctulata has a deep purple color all over the spines and body (test). Their body area, called a test, can grow to a diameter of 3-5 cm. This test is made up of ten fused plates that encircle the urchin. Each of these fused plates has small holes from which the feet extend. These feet are controlled by an internal water vascular system. This sytem works by varing the amount of water inside which regulates if the feet are extended or contracted. Sea urchins also have a unique structure called Aristotle's lantern. This structure is made of five hard plates that move together like a beak. They use this beak like structure to scrape rocks clean of algae. These 'teeth' can also grow back after too much wear. They have a mouth at the underside and an anus at the top of the animal. In addition, they are radially symmetrical.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Habitat

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These purple sea urchins are found most commonly on rocks and shells in somewhat deep salt water. They prefer to live on rocks or shell bottoms from the low-tide line to a water depth of about 750 feet (229 meters).

Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; reef

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Distribution

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Arbacia punctulata is a common urchin from Cape Cod to the West Indies.

Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native )

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Sea urchins graze on algae and other organisms that grow on the rocks around them, using their Aristotle's lantern.

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Benefits

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Almost all sea urchin species are harvested for food and for their shells. Their eggs are a delicacy in many countries. They are also common laboratory species used for studying reproduction and development.

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Untitled

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Sea urchin studies provided the first evidence of actin in non-muscle cells.

The purple sea urchin has a symbiotic relationship with small grooming organisms that live between their spines. At first they were thought to be parasites, feeding off of the food floating by the urchin. But it was later found that they were an integral part of the animal's care by keeping the surface free from other animal or plant organisms that may have been harmfull.

For many years, Dr. William Speck, Chairman and Director of the Department of Pediatrics of Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital in Cleveland, has been doing research on the causes of birth defects, using sea urchins as model organisms. He has studied various other topics all using Arbacia punctulata as his primary subject. His studies range from the effects of ethanol as a model for fetal alcohol syndrome to the effects of anticonvulsant drugs on urchins as a model for new research and development of phenytoin derivatives.

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Conservation Status

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The purple sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, has been thriving in waters across the world for years and hopefully will continue to. At this time their main enemy is pollution.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Benefits

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Spines may be poisonous, but only dangerous if stepped on or handled roughly.

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Reproduction

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There are male and female purple urchins. The females can release as many as several million eggs at a time. These eggs settle and the sperm released from the males swims and finds the eggs, fertilizes them and creates a large gamete. The larvae that hatches is bilaterally symmetrical, and changes to radial symmetry after it grows.

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Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html
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Stephanie Braccini, Southwestern University
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Distribution

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In Panama this species has been collected from Margarita Island, Limon Bay (USNM E 4872), Canal Zone, Caribbean Sea.

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References and links

provided by Echinoderms of Panama

Mortensen, T. (1935). A monograph of the Echinoidea 2. Bothriocidaroida, Meonechinoida, Lepidocentroida and Stiridonta. Copenhagen. 647 pp. 377 figures, 89 pls; pages: 573-575.

Barcode of Life

GenBank

The Echinoid Directory

World Echinoidea Database

LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:158058


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Synonymised taxa

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Anapesus carolinus Holmes, 1869 (subjective junior synonym)
Arbacea punctulata (misspelling for Arbacia punctulata)
Echinocidaris (Agarites) punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) (subjective junior synonym)
Echinocidaris davisii A. Agassiz, 1863 (subjective junior synonym)
Echinocidaris punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) (subjective junior synonym)
Echinus punctulatus Lamarck, 1816 (transferred to Arbacia)

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Breeding Season

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Donald P. Costello and Catherine Henley
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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Care of Adults

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Cleavage

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Fertilization

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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C. Henley

Later Stages of Development

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Living Material

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Preparing Cultures

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Procuring Gametes

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Special Methods of Observation

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Woods Hole, Maine

References

  • Ball, E. G. 1936. Echinochrome, its isolation and composition. J. Biol. Chem., 114: vi.
  • Boolootian R. A., and A. R. Moore, 1956. Hermaphroditism in echinoids. Biol. Bull., 111: 328-335.
  • Cohn, E. J., 1918. Studies in the physiology of spermatozoa. Biol. Bull., 34: 167-218.
  • Dan, K., 1954. The cortical movement in Arbacia punctulata eggs through cleavage cycles. Embryologia, 2: 115-122.
  • Fry, H. J., 1936. Studies of the mitotic figure. V. The time schedule of mitotic changes in developing Arbacia eggs. Biol. Bull., 70: 89-99.
  • Hartmann M., O. Schartau, R. Kuhn and K. Wallenfels 1939. Über die Sexualstoffe der Seeigel. Naturwiss., 27: 433.
  • Harvey, E. B., 1939. A method of determining the sex of Arbacia, and a new method of producing twins, triplets and quadruplets. Coll. Net, 14: 211.
  • Harvey, E. B., 1940. A note on determining the sex of Arbacia punctulata. Biol. Bull., 79: 363.
  • Harvey, E. B., 1953. A simplified electrical method of determining the sex of sea urchins and other marine animals. Biol. Bull., 105: 365.
  • Harvey, E. B., 1956a. The American Arbacia and Other Sea Urchins. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J.
  • Harvey, E. B., 1956b. Sex in sea urchins. Pubbl. Stas. Zool., Napoli, 28: 127-135.
  • Harvey, E. B., and T. F. Anderson,, 1943. The spermatozoon and fertilization membrane of Arbacia punctulata as shown by the electron microscope. Biol. Bull., 85: 151-156.
  • Hayashi, T., 1945. Dilution medium and survival of the spermatozoa of Arbacia punctulata. I. Effect of the medium on fertilizing power. Biol. Bull., 89: 162-179.
  • Hoadley, L., 1934. The relation between the position of the female pronucleus and the polar bodies in the unfertilized egg of Arbacia punctulata. Biol. Bull., 67: 220-222.
  • Hörstadius, S., 1939. The mechanics of sea urchin development, studied by operative methods. Biol. Rev., 14: 132-179.
  • Iwata, K. S., 1950. A method of determining the sex of sea urchins and of obtaining eggs by electric stimulation. Annot. Zool. Jap., 23: 39-42.
  • Lillie, F. R., 1915. Studies of fertilization. Vii. Analysis of variations in the fertilizing power of sperm suspensions of Arbacia. Biol. Bull., 28: 229-251.
  • Marx, W., 1932. Zum Problem der Determination der Bilateralität im Seeigelkeim. (Nebst einem Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Geschlechtsdimorphismus einiger Seeigel.) Arch. f. Entw., 125: 96-147.
  • Moser, F., 1939. Studies on a cortical layer response to stimulating agents m the Arbacia egg. Parts I and Ii. J. Exp. Zool., 80: 423-471.
  • Moser, F., 1940. Studies on a cortical layer response to stimulating agents in the Arbacia egg. Parts Iii and Iv. Biol. Bull., 78: 68-91.
  • Ohman, L. -O., 1945. On the lipids of the sea-urchin egg. Arch. f. Zoologi, 36A: no. 7, 1-95. Palmer, L., 1937. The shedding reaction in Arbacia punctulata. Physiol. Zool., 10: 352-367.
  • Runnström J., 1928. Die Veranderung der Plasmakolloide bei der Entwicklungserregung des Seeigeleis. Protoplasma, 4: 388-514.
  • Runnström, J., L. MonnÉ and E. Wicklund, 1944. Mechanisms of formation of the fertilization membrane in the sea urchin egg. Nature, 153: 313-314.
  • Tyler, A., 1939. Crystalline echinochrome and spinochrome: Their failure to stimulate the respiration of eggs and of sperm of Strongylocentrotus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 25: 523528.
  • Tyler, A., 1949. A simple non-injurious method for inducing repeated spawning of sea urchins and sand-dollars. Coll. Net, 19: 19-20.
  • Zeuthen, E., 1955. Mitotic respiratory rhythms in single eggs of Psammechinus miliaris and of Ciona intestinalis., Biol. Bull., 105: 366-385.

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

The Sperm

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

The Unfertilized Ovum

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Time Table of Development

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Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
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Costello, D.P.
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C. Henley

Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck)

Echinus punctulatus Lamarck, 1816:47. [For synonymy, see Mortensen, 1935:573. For the biology of this species, see Harvey, 1956; Sharp and Gray, 1962; Kier and Grant, 1965:17; and Boolootian and Cantor, 1965.]

Only two specimens were found of this species. They both were living in the Thalassia beds east of Water Cay Range. Because this species does not cover itself, it is readily visible. In spite of this, a careful search for many days revealed no more specimens.
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Kier, Porter M. 1975. "The echinoids of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-45. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.206

Arbacia punctulata

provided by wikipedia EN

The Atlantic purple sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) is a species of sea urchins from the family Arbaciidae, native to the Atlantic Ocean.

Description

The Atlantic purple sea urchin is a spherical, dark purple-spined sea urchin, with a nearly flat oral face. It can reach up to 8 cm in diameter, and is native to the North Atlantic Ocean.

Habitat and range

Its natural habitat is in the western Atlantic Ocean. A. punctulata can be found in shallow water from Massachusetts to Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula, from Texas to Florida in the Gulf of Mexico, the coast from Panama to French Guiana, and in the Lesser Antilles, usually on rocky, sandy, or shelly bottoms.[1]

Ecology and behaviour

A. punctulata is omnivorous, consuming a wide variety of prey[2] although Karlson[3] classified it as a generalized carnivore. Its galactolipids, rather than phlorotannins, act as herbivore deterrents in Fucus vesiculosus against A. punctulata.[4]

Uses in science

For more than a century, developmental biologists have valued the sea urchin as an experimental model organism. Sea urchin eggs are transparent and can be manipulated easily in the research laboratory. Their eggs can be easily fertilized and then develop rapidly and synchronously.[5][6]

For decades, the sea urchin embryo has been used to establish the chromosome theory of heredity, the description of centrosomes, parthenogenesis, and fertilization.[7][8][9] Research work during the last 30 years established such important phenomena as stable mRNA and translational control, isolation and characterization of the mitotic apparatus, and the realization that the major structural proteins of the mitotic apparatus are microtubules.[10][11] Sea urchin studies provided the first evidence of actin in nonmuscle cells.[12][13]

Arbacia punctulata is also a model organism of marine sediments toxicity[14][15] and sperm study.[16][17]

References

  1. ^ Serafy DK (1979). "Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)". Mem. Hourglass Cruises. 5: 1–120.
  2. ^ Sharp, D. T.; Gray, I. E. (1962). "Studies on factors affecting the local distribution of two sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus". Ecology. 43 (2): 309–313. doi:10.2307/1931986. JSTOR 1931986.
  3. ^ Karlson R (1978). "Predation and space utilization patterns in a marine epifaunal community". J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 31 (3): 225–239. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(78)90060-6.
  4. ^ Deal MS (2003). "Galactolipids rather than phlorotannins as herbivore deterrents in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus". Oecologia. 136 (1): 107–114. Bibcode:2003Oecol.136..107D. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1242-3. PMID 12684854. S2CID 5821145.
  5. ^ RULON O (December 1947). "The modification of developmental patterns in Arbacia eggs with malonic acid". Anat. Rec. 99 (4): 652. PMID 18895450.
  6. ^ Kanungo J (June 2002). "Prolonged incubation in seawater induces a DNA-dependent protein phosphorylation activity in Arbacia punctulata eggs". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (3): 667–71. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00539-9. PMID 12056821.
  7. ^ FAILLA PM (June 1965). "Recovery from Division Delay in Irradiated Gametes of Arbacia punctulata". Radiat. Res. 25 (2): 331–40. Bibcode:1965RadR...25..331F. doi:10.2307/3571975. JSTOR 3571975. PMID 14295124.
  8. ^ Sachs MI, Anderson E (October 1970). "A cytological study of artificial parthenogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata". J. Cell Biol. 47 (1): 140–58. doi:10.1083/jcb.47.1.140. PMC 2108410. PMID 4327513.
  9. ^ Kite GL (October 1912). "The Nature of the Fertilization Membrane of the Egg of the Sea Urchin (Arbacia Punctulata)". Science. 36 (930): 562–564. Bibcode:1912Sci....36..562K. doi:10.1126/science.36.930.562-a. PMID 17812420.
  10. ^ ZIMMERMAN AM, MARSLAND D (July 1964). "Cell division: Effects of pressure on the mitotic mechanisms of marine eggs (Arbacia punctulata)". Exp. Cell Res. 35 (2): 293–302. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(64)90096-5. PMID 14195437.
  11. ^ SCOTT A (October 1950). "A cytological analysis of the effects of cyanide and 4,6-dinitro-orthocresol on the mitotic phases in Arbacia punctulata". Biol. Bull. 99 (2): 362–3. doi:10.1086/BBLv99n2p321. PMID 14791535.
  12. ^ Henson JH, Schatten G (1983). "Calcium regulation of the actin-mediated cytoskeletal transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes". Cell Motil. 3 (5–6): 525–34. doi:10.1002/cm.970030519. PMID 6420068.
  13. ^ Kabat-Zinn J, Singer RH (April 1981). "Sea urchin tube feet: unique structures that allow a cytological and molecular approach to the study of actin and its gene expression". J. Cell Biol. 89 (1): 109–14. doi:10.1083/jcb.89.1.109. PMC 2111775. PMID 6894447.
  14. ^ Jäntschi L, Bolboaca SD (2008). "A structural modelling study on marine sediments toxicity". Mar Drugs. 6 (2): 372–88. doi:10.3390/md20080017. PMC 2525494. PMID 18728732.
  15. ^ Rudolph A, Medina P, Urrutia C, Ahumada R (July 2008). "Ecotoxicological sediment evaluations in marine aquaculture areas of Chile". Environ Monit Assess. 155 (1–4): 419–29. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0444-x. PMID 18633720. S2CID 41962710.
  16. ^ Lillie FR (March 1915). "The Fertilizing Power of Sperm Dilutions of Arbacia". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 (3): 156–60. Bibcode:1915PNAS....1..156L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1.3.156. PMC 1090763. PMID 16575966.
  17. ^ Inamdar MV, Kim T, Chung YK, Was AM, Xiang X, Wang CW, Takayama S, Lastoskie CM, Thomas FI, Sastry AM (November 2007). "Assessment of sperm chemokinesis with exposure to jelly coats of sea urchin eggs and resact: a microfluidic experiment and numerical study". J. Exp. Biol. 210 (Pt 21): 3805–20. doi:10.1242/jeb.005439. PMID 17951422.

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Arbacia punctulata: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Atlantic purple sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) is a species of sea urchins from the family Arbaciidae, native to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Arbacia punctulata ( French )

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Arbacia punctulata est une espèce d'oursins du genre Arbacia, qui se rencontre dans l'Atlantique Ouest.

Description

Arbacia punctulata est un oursin régulier de couleur sombre, généralement pourpre foncé mais pouvant aller du marron au noir en passant par différentes gammes de violet, de vert et de gris sombre. Les épines (« radioles ») sont lisses et peu effilées, épaisses et coniques ; elles sont densément réparties et généralement plus claires que le reste du corps. La coquille (« test ») arrondie est aplatie dorsalement, parfois presque hémisphérique, avec notamment une face orale presque parfaitement plate chez l'adulte mature, alors que le juvénile est globulaire. Le test de l'adulte dépasse rarement 5 cm de diamètre[1].

Son anus est entouré de quatre plaques madréporitiques, ce qui est une caractéristique du genre[1].

Répartition et habitat

Son habitat naturel se situe dans l'océan Atlantique. On peut le trouver dans des eaux peu profondes depuis le Massachusetts jusqu'à Cuba et la péninsule du Yucatan, du Texas à la Floride dans le golfe du Mexique, la côte du Panama à la Guyane française et dans les Petites Antilles, le plus souvent dans les rochers, sur le sable, ou les plages coquillières[2].

Écologie et comportement

Brouteur omnivore, charognard et prédateur opportuniste, A. punctulata consomme une grande variété de proies[3] bien que Karlson (1978)[4] le considère comme un carnivore pur.

Arbacia punctulata et l'Homme

Interaction in situ

Comme tous les oursins vivant à proximité de la surface, A. punctulata est souvent responsables de vives douleurs quand un baigneur marche dessus par inadvertance : ses épines ont tendance à se casser dans la plaie, ce qui les rend presque impossibles à enlever entièrement. Heureusement, il n'est pas venimeux, et ne présente pas de grand danger si la plaie est correctement désinfectée : le corps dissoudra les morceaux de silice en quelques semaines.

A. punctulata ne semble pas consommé de manière significative, et n'est pas récolté industriellement.

Utilisation scientifique

Pendant plus d'un siècle, les embryologistes ont utilisé A. punctulata comme modèle expérimental. En effet, les oursins ont une fertilité extraordinaire, pouvant produire plusieurs millions d’œufs en une ponte, ce qui permet d'envisager des études quantitatives robustes. Par ailleurs, ces œufs peuvent être manipulés facilement dans les laboratoires de recherche, et sont transparents, ce qui permet de voir aisément les processus de développement qui s'y jouent. Enfin leurs œufs peuvent être facilement fécondés, se développer rapidement et de façon synchrone[5],[6].

Pendant des décennies, l'embryon d'oursin a été utilisé pour établir la théorie chromosomique de l'hérédité, la description des centrosomes, la parthénogenèse et la fécondation[7],[8],[9]. Les travaux de recherche au cours des trente dernières années, ont permis de comprendre des phénomènes tels que l'ARNm stable et le contrôle de la traduction génétique, l'isolement et la caractérisation du fuseau mitotique, et la réalisation que les principales protéines de structure de fuseau sont les microtubules[10],[11]. Les études sur les oursins ont fourni les premières preuves du rôle de l'actine dans les cellules non-musculaires[12],[13].

Elle est également un organisme modèle de la toxicité des sédiments marins[14],[15] et pour l'étude du sperme[16],[17].

Références taxinomiques

Références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. a et b Source : fiche sur le site de l'université de Jussieu.
  2. D. K. Serafy, 1979: Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mem. Hourglass Cruises, 5: 1 – 120.
  3. D. T. Sharp & I. E. Gray, 1962: Studies on factors affecting the local distribution of two sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus. Ecology, 43: 309 – 313.
  4. R. Karlson, 1978: Predation and space utilization patterns in a marine epifaunal community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 31: 225 – 239.
  5. (en) O Rulon, « The modification of developmental patterns in Arbacia eggs with malonic acid », Anat. Rec., vol. 99, no 4,‎ décembre 1947, p. 652 (PMID )
  6. (en) J Kanungo, « Prolonged incubation in seawater induces a DNA-dependent protein phosphorylation activity in Arbacia punctulata eggs », Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., vol. 294, no 3,‎ juin 2002, p. 667–71 (PMID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  7. (en) PM Failla, « Recovery from division delay in irradiated gametes of Arbacia punctulata », Radiat. Res., vol. 25, no 2,‎ juin 1965, p. 331–40 (PMID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  8. (en) MI Sachs, E Anderson, « A cytological study of artificial parthenogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata », J. Cell Biol., vol. 47, no 1,‎ octobre 1970, p. 140–58 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  9. (en) GL Kite, « The nature of the fertilization membrane of the egg of the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) », Science, vol. 36, no 930,‎ octobre 1912, p. 562–564 (PMID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  10. (en) AM Zimmerman, D Marsland, « Cell division: effects of pressure on the mitotic mechanisms of marine eggs (Arbacia punctulata) », Exp. Cell Res., vol. 35,‎ juillet 1964, p. 293–302 (PMID , DOI )
  11. (en) A Scott, « A cytological analysis of the effects of cyanide and 4,6-dinitro-orthocresol on the mitotic phases in Arbacia punctulata », Biol. Bull., vol. 99, no 2,‎ octobre 1950, p. 362–3 (PMID )
  12. (en) JH Henson, G Schatten, « Calcium regulation of the actin-mediated cytoskeletal transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes », Cell Motil., vol. 3, nos 5-6,‎ 1983, p. 525–34 (PMID , DOI )
  13. (en) J. Kabat-Zinn, RH Singer, « Sea urchin tube feet: unique structures that allow a cytological and molecular approach to the study of actin and its gene expression », J. Cell Biol., vol. 89, no 1,‎ avril 1981, p. 109–14 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  14. (en) Jäntschi L, Bolboaca SD, « A structural modelling study on marine sediments toxicity », Mar Drugs, vol. 6, no 2,‎ 2008, p. 372–88 (PMID , PMCID , DOI )
  15. (en) A Rudolph, P Medina, C Urrutia, R Ahumada, « Ecotoxicological sediment evaluations in marine aquaculture areas of Chile », Environ Monit Assess, vol. 155, nos 1-4,‎ juillet 2008, p. 419–29 (PMID , DOI )
  16. (en) FR Lillie, « The Fertilizing Power of Sperm Dilutions of Arbacia », Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., vol. 1, no 3,‎ mars 1915, p. 156–60 (PMID , PMCID , DOI )
  17. (en) MV Inamdar, T Kim, YK Chung, et al., « Assessment of sperm chemokinesis with exposure to jelly coats of sea urchin eggs and resact: a microfluidic experiment and numerical study. », J. Exp. Biol., vol. 210, no Pt 21,‎ novembre 2007, p. 3805–20 (PMID , DOI , lire en ligne)
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Arbacia punctulata: Brief Summary ( French )

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Arbacia punctulata est une espèce d'oursins du genre Arbacia, qui se rencontre dans l'Atlantique Ouest.

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Arbacia punctulata ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) è un riccio di mare della famiglia Arbaciidae.[1]

Descrizione

Arbacia punctulata ha il corpo leggermente compresso lungo l'asse verticale e può raggiungere i 6-8 cm di diametro. Tutta la sua superficie è ricoperta da numerosi aculei acuminati e sul lato ventrale si trova l'apertura orale ampia e quasi piatta.

Organismo modello

Questa specie è un organismo modello in biologia dello sviluppo, le uova possono essere facilmente manipolate e fecondate in laboratorio[2], si sviluppano rapidamente e in modo sincrono.[3]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Arbacia punctulata, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).
  2. ^ Clyde Tamaru, Malia Rivera, Roxanne Haverkort, Kelvin Gorospe, Sea Urchin Fertilization Lab (PDF), su www2.hawaii.edu, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology. URL consultato il 10-01-2016.
  3. ^ Jyotshnabala Kanungo, Prolonged incubation in seawater induces a DNA-dependent protein phosphorylation activity in Arbacia punctulata eggs, in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 294, n. 3, 14 giugno 2002, pp. 667-671, DOI:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00539-9. URL consultato il 9 gennaio 2016.

Bibliografia

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Arbacia punctulata: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) è un riccio di mare della famiglia Arbaciidae.

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Arbacia punctulata ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Arbacia punctulata is een zee-egel uit de familie Arbaciidae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1816 gepubliceerd door Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
15-12-2011
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Arbacia punctulata ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Arbacia punctulatagatunek jeżowca z rodziny Arbaciidae. Występuje licznie na podwodnych skałach zachodniej części Oceanu Atlantyckiego, od Cape Cod w Nowej Anglii po Karaiby, na głębokościach do około 230 metrów. Ma ciemnopurpurowe ubarwienie ciała i ochraniających je kolców. Osiąga średnicę 3–5 cm[2].

Arbacia punctulata jest wykorzystywana jako organizm modelowy w badaniach naukowych. W ramach programu Gemini 23 marca 1965 roku jaja tego gatunku zostały wysłane w przestrzeń kosmiczną (lotem Gemini 3) celem zbadania wpływu mikrograwitacji na procesy rozrodcze organizmów. Eksperyment nie został przeprowadzony z powodu awarii dźwigni uruchamiającej urządzenie, w którym planowano dokonać zapłodnienia jaj[3][4].

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. Arbacia punctulata, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Braccini, S.: Arbacia punctulata (ang.). (On-line), Animal Diversity Web, 2001. [dostęp 23 stycznia 2011].
  3. Gemini 3 (ang.). W: Programs, missions, and payloads [on-line]. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [dostęp 23 stycznia 2011].
  4. Sea Urchin Egg Package (ang.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [dostęp 23 stycznia 2011].
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Arbacia punctulata: Brief Summary ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL

Arbacia punctulata – gatunek jeżowca z rodziny Arbaciidae. Występuje licznie na podwodnych skałach zachodniej części Oceanu Atlantyckiego, od Cape Cod w Nowej Anglii po Karaiby, na głębokościach do około 230 metrów. Ma ciemnopurpurowe ubarwienie ciała i ochraniających je kolców. Osiąga średnicę 3–5 cm.

Arbacia punctulata jest wykorzystywana jako organizm modelowy w badaniach naukowych. W ramach programu Gemini 23 marca 1965 roku jaja tego gatunku zostały wysłane w przestrzeń kosmiczną (lotem Gemini 3) celem zbadania wpływu mikrograwitacji na procesy rozrodcze organizmów. Eksperyment nie został przeprowadzony z powodu awarii dźwigni uruchamiającej urządzenie, w którym planowano dokonać zapłodnienia jaj.

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Arbacia punctulata ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Arbacia punctulata là một loài cầu gai tím trong chi Arbacia. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là ở Đại Tây Dương Tây Dương. Arbacia punctulata có thể được tìm thấy trong vùng nước nông từ Massachusetts đến Cubabán đảo Yucatan, từ Texas đến Floridavịnh Mexico, bờ biển từ Panama đến Guiana thuộc PhápLesser Antilles, thường trên đáy đá, cát hoặc nhiều vỏ sò.[1] A. punctulata là loài ăn tạp, ăn nhiều loại mồi[2] mặc dù Karlson[3] xếp nó là thú ăn thịt tổng quát. Nó đã được chứng minh rằng nó là galactolipid chứ không phải là phlorotannin, mà hành động như ngăn chặn động vật ăn cỏ trong Fucus vesiculosus chống lại A. punctulata.[4]

Trong hơn một thế kỷ, các nhà sinh vật học phát triển đã đánh giá loài cầu gai này là một sinh vật mô hình thử nghiệm. Trứng nhím biển là trong suốt và có thể được thao tác dễ dàng trong phòng thí nghiệm nghiên cứu. Trứng của chúng có thể dễ dàng thụ tinh và sau đó phát triển nhanh chóng và đồng bộ[5][6]. Trong nhiều thập kỷ, phôi thai của cầu gai này đã được sử dụng để thiết lập lý thuyết nhiễm sắc thể di truyền, trung thể, parthenogenesis, và thụ tinh[7][8][9]. Công tác nghiên cứu trong suốt 30 năm qua đã thiết lập các hiện tượng quan trọng như vậy là tương đối ổn định mRNA và kiểm soát translational, cách ly và đặc tính hóa của bộ máy phân bào, và việc thực hiện các protein cấu trúc chính của bộ máy phân bào vi quản[10][11] nhím biển nghiên cứu cung cấp bằng chứng đầu tiên của actin trong các tế bào cơ.[12][13]

Arbacia punctulata cũng là một sinh vật mô hình độc tính trấm tích hải dương[14][15] và nghiên cứu tinh trùng.[16][17]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Serafy, D. K., 1979: Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mem. Hourglass Cruises, 5: 1 – 120.
  2. ^ Sharp, D. T. & I. E. Gray, 1962: Studies on factors affecting the local distribution of two sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus. Ecology, 43: 309 – 313.
  3. ^ Karlson, R., 1978: Predation and space utilization patterns in a marine epifaunal community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 31: 225 – 239.
  4. ^ Galactolipids rather than phlorotannins as herbivore deterrents in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. Michael S. Deal, Mark E. Hay, Dean Wilson and William Fenical, Oecologia, June 2003, Volume 136, Issue 1, pages 107-114, doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1242-3
  5. ^ RULON O (tháng 12 năm 1947). “The modification of developmental patterns in Arbacia eggs with malonic acid”. Anat. Rec. 99 (4): 652. PMID 18895450. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  6. ^ Kanungo J (tháng 6 năm 2002). “Prolonged incubation in seawater induces a DNA-dependent protein phosphorylation activity in Arbacia punctulata eggs”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (3): 667–71. PMID 12056821. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00539-9. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  7. ^ FAILLA PM (tháng 6 năm 1965). “RECOVERY FROM DIVISION DELAY IN IRRADIATED GAMETES OF ARBACIA PUNCTULATA”. Radiat. Res. 25 (2): 331–40. JSTOR 3571975. PMID 14295124. doi:10.2307/3571975. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  8. ^ Sachs MI, Anderson E (tháng 10 năm 1970). “A cytological study of artificial parthenogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata”. J. Cell Biol. 47 (1): 140–58. PMC 2108410. PMID 4327513. doi:10.1083/jcb.47.1.140. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  9. ^ Kite GL (tháng 10 năm 1912). “THE NATURE OF THE FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE OF THE EGG OF THE SEA URCHIN (ARBACIA PUNCTULATA)”. Science 36 (930): 562–564. PMID 17812420. doi:10.1126/science.36.930.562-a. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  10. ^ ZIMMERMAN AM, MARSLAND D (tháng 7 năm 1964). “CELL DIVISION: EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE MITOTIC MECHANISMS OF MARINE EGGS (ARBACIA PUNCTULATA)”. Exp. Cell Res. 35 (2): 293–302. PMID 14195437. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(64)90096-5. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  11. ^ SCOTT A (tháng 10 năm 1950). “A cytological analysis of the effects of cyanide and 4,6-dinitro-orthocresol on the mitotic phases in Arbacia punctulata”. Biol. Bull. 99 (2): 362–3. PMID 14791535. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  12. ^ Henson JH, Schatten G (1983). “Calcium regulation of the actin-mediated cytoskeletal transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes”. Cell Motil. 3 (5-6): 525–34. PMID 6420068. doi:10.1002/cm.970030519.
  13. ^ Kabat-Zinn J, Singer RH (tháng 4 năm 1981). “Sea urchin tube feet: unique structures that allow a cytological and molecular approach to the study of actin and its gene expression”. J. Cell Biol. 89 (1): 109–14. PMC 2111775. PMID 6894447. doi:10.1083/jcb.89.1.109. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  14. ^ Jäntschi L, Bolboaca SD (2008). “A structural modelling study on marine sediments toxicity”. Mar Drugs 6 (2): 372–88. PMC 2525494. PMID 18728732. doi:10.3390/md20080017.
  15. ^ Rudolph A, Medina P, Urrutia C, Ahumada R (tháng 7 năm 2008). “Ecotoxicological sediment evaluations in marine aquaculture areas of Chile”. Environ Monit Assess 155 (1-4): 419–29. PMID 18633720. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0444-x. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  16. ^ Lillie FR (tháng 3 năm 1915). “The Fertilizing Power of Sperm Dilutions of Arbacia”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 (3): 156–60. PMC 1090763. PMID 16575966. doi:10.1073/pnas.1.3.156. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  17. ^ Inamdar MV, Kim T, Chung YK, Was AM, Xiang X, Wang CW, Takayama S, Lastoskie CM, Thomas FI, Sastry AM (tháng 11 năm 2007). “Assessment of sperm chemokinesis with exposure to jelly coats of sea urchin eggs and resact: a microfluidic experiment and numerical study”. J. Exp. Biol. 210 (Pt 21): 3805–20. PMID 17951422. doi:10.1242/jeb.005439. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)

Tham khảo

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Arbacia punctulata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Arbacia punctulata là một loài cầu gai tím trong chi Arbacia. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là ở Đại Tây Dương Tây Dương. Arbacia punctulata có thể được tìm thấy trong vùng nước nông từ Massachusetts đến Cubabán đảo Yucatan, từ Texas đến Floridavịnh Mexico, bờ biển từ Panama đến Guiana thuộc PhápLesser Antilles, thường trên đáy đá, cát hoặc nhiều vỏ sò. A. punctulata là loài ăn tạp, ăn nhiều loại mồi mặc dù Karlson xếp nó là thú ăn thịt tổng quát. Nó đã được chứng minh rằng nó là galactolipid chứ không phải là phlorotannin, mà hành động như ngăn chặn động vật ăn cỏ trong Fucus vesiculosus chống lại A. punctulata.

Trong hơn một thế kỷ, các nhà sinh vật học phát triển đã đánh giá loài cầu gai này là một sinh vật mô hình thử nghiệm. Trứng nhím biển là trong suốt và có thể được thao tác dễ dàng trong phòng thí nghiệm nghiên cứu. Trứng của chúng có thể dễ dàng thụ tinh và sau đó phát triển nhanh chóng và đồng bộ. Trong nhiều thập kỷ, phôi thai của cầu gai này đã được sử dụng để thiết lập lý thuyết nhiễm sắc thể di truyền, trung thể, parthenogenesis, và thụ tinh. Công tác nghiên cứu trong suốt 30 năm qua đã thiết lập các hiện tượng quan trọng như vậy là tương đối ổn định mRNA và kiểm soát translational, cách ly và đặc tính hóa của bộ máy phân bào, và việc thực hiện các protein cấu trúc chính của bộ máy phân bào vi quản nhím biển nghiên cứu cung cấp bằng chứng đầu tiên của actin trong các tế bào cơ.

Arbacia punctulata cũng là một sinh vật mô hình độc tính trấm tích hải dương và nghiên cứu tinh trùng.

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Virginian, southside of Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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