Ground Spiders

Figures 68–74.Males of Haplodrassus pseudosignifer (68–70 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus signifer (71–74 from Crimea): 68, 71 RTA, retrolateral view 69, 72 palp, ventral view 70, 73–74 bulbus, apical view.

Figures 1–6.Holotype of Gnaphosa khovdensis sp. n. 1–3 male palp, ventral, retro and prolateral 4–5 bulbus, ventral and from above 6 habitus. Scale = 0.2 mm if not otherwise indicated. Be – base of embolus; Es – embolic spine; Ma – median apophysis.

Figures 1–11.Heser vijayanagara sp. n. 1 Male holotype, dorsal 2 Male holotype, ventral 3 Female allotype, dorsal 4 Female allotype, ventral 5 Male palp, prolateral 6 Male palp, ventral 7 Male palp, retrolateral 8 Epigyne, ventral 9 Pattabhirama temple in close vicinity of the locus typicus, giving a good impression of the type of terrain where the type specimens were found 10 Male leg spination diagram, legend below right 11 Female leg spination diagram. Scale bars: 1–4: 1.0; 5–8: 0.25.

Figures 75–78.Females of Haplodrassus pseudosignifer (75–76 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus signifer (77–78 from Crimea): 75, 77 epigyne, ventral view 76, 78 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ah anterior hood; Gr groove of epigyne; Spspermatheca.

Figures 17–18.Male palp of Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini. 17 ventral 18 prolateral. Scale = 0.2 mm. Es – embolic spine.

Figures 12–19.Heser vijayanagara sp. n. 12 Female allotype, dorsal view of body 13 Male palp, ventral, with conductor (C), embolus (E), and median apophysis (MA) indicated 14 Male palp, retrolateral 15 Epigyne, ventral 16 Female metatarsi III (left) and IV, with ventral terminal preening comb 17 Female cheliceral teeth 18 Vulva, ventral 19 Vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 12: 1.0; 13–17: 0.5; 18–19: 0.1.

Figures 79–83.Haplodrassus umbratilis from Crimea: 79 bulbus, apical view 80 RTA, retrolateral view 81 palp, ventral view 82 epigyne, ventral view 83 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Bp broad process of terminal apophysis.

Figure 19.Collecting places of Gnaphosa khovdensis sp. n. (square), Gnaphosa esyunini sp. n. (circle) and Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini (filled cross – new locality, open crosses – earlier records).

Figures 1–9.Males of Haplodrassus bohemicus (1–3 from Rostov Area, 4–6 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus pugnans (7–9 from Magadan Area): 1, 4, 7 RTA, retrolateral view 2, 5, 8 palp, ventral view 3, 6, 9 bulbus, apical view. Abbreviations: Coconductor; Emembolus; Ettooth of embolus; Mamedian apophysis; Ri ridgeof terminal apophysis; RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis; St“step”-like keel of RTA; Taterminal apophysis.

Figures 7–12.Holotype of Gnaphosa esyunini sp. n. 7–9 male palp, ventral, retro and prolateral 10–11 bulbus, ventral and from above 12 habitus. Scale = 0.2 mm if not otherwise indicated. Be – base of embolus; Es – embolic spine; Ma – median apophysis; Se – serrated edge of embolus.

Figures 10–14.Females of Haplodrassus bohemicus (10–11 from Rostov Area, 12 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus pugnans (13–14 from Magadan Area): 10, 12–13 epigyne, ventral view 11, 14 epigyne, dorsal view.

Figures 13–16.Epigyne of Gnaphosa esyunini sp. n. 13, 15 ventral 14, 16 dorsal, after maceration. Scale = 0.2 mm. Gp – glandular part of receptacle; Re receptacle; Sm – scape.

Figures 15–21.Haplodrassus cognatus (15–16 from Donetsk Area)and Haplodrassus silvestris (17–21 from Kharkiv Area): 15, 17 epigyne, ventral view 16, 18 epigyne, dorsal view 19 bulbus, apical view 20 palp, ventral view 21 RTA, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Ahanterior hood of epigyne; Lp lateral pocket of epigyne; Sp spermatheca.

Figure 19.Collecting places of Gnaphosa khovdensis sp. n. (square), Gnaphosa esyunini sp. n. (circle) and Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini (filled cross – new locality, open crosses – earlier records).

Figures 22–27.Males of Haplodrassus dalmatensis (22–24 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus isaevi (25–26 paratype from Rostov Area, 27 from Crimea): 22, 25 RTA, retrolateral view 23, 26 palp, ventral view 24, 27 bulbus, apical view. Abbreviations: Tt tooth-like process of terminal apophysis.

Figures 17–18.Male palp of Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini. 17 ventral 18 prolateral. Scale = 0.2 mm. Es – embolic spine.

Figures 28–31.Females of Haplodrassus dalmatensis (28–29 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus isaevi (30–31 from Crimea): 28, 30 epigyne, ventral view 29, 31 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Seseptum.

Figures 32–34.Males of Haplodrassus invalidus from Azerbaijan: 32 bulbus, apical view 33 RTA, retrolateral view 34 palp, ventral view.

Figures 22–27.Males of Haplodrassus dalmatensis (22–24 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus isaevi (25–26 paratype from Rostov Area, 27 from Crimea): 22, 25 RTA, retrolateral view 23, 26 palp, ventral view 24, 27 bulbus, apical view. Abbreviations: Tt tooth-like process of terminal apophysis.

Figures 28–31.Females of Haplodrassus dalmatensis (28–29 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus isaevi (30–31 from Crimea): 28, 30 epigyne, ventral view 29, 31 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Seseptum.

Figures 35–39.Haplodrassus kulczynskii from Crimea: 35 bulbus, apical view 36 RTA, retrolateral view 37 palp, ventral view 38 epigyne, ventral view 39 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Pr protrusion of epigynal pocket; St “step”-like keel of RTA.

Figures 40–49.Males of Haplodrassus deserticola (40–42 from Canary Islands) and Haplodrassus minor (43–45 from Poland, 46–47 from Nikolaev Area, 48–49 from Orenburg Area): 40, 43, 46, 48 palp, retrolateral view 41, 44, 47, 49 palp, ventral view 42, 45 bulbus, apical view.

Figures 50–53.Females of Haplodrassus deserticola (50–51 from the Canary Islands) and Haplodrassus minor (52–53 from Nikolaev Area): 50, 52 epigyne, ventral view 51, 53 epigyne, dorsal view.

Figures 54–63.Males of Haplodrassus minor (54–57 from Crimea, 58–63 from Orenburg Area): 54 apical part of bulbus, dorsal view 55, 61 tibia of palp, retrolateral view 56, 62 bulbus, retrolateral view 57, 63 bulbus, ventral view 58 bulbus, apical view 59 bulbus, retrolateral-dorsal view 60 apical part of bulbus, retrolateral view.