Biology
provided by Arkive
Hemp-agrimony is a perennial herb (3) that flowers in late summer and early autumn (6). The flowers are pollinated mainly by butterflies and moths, and to a lesser extent by bees and flies. Cross-pollination with flowers in the same flower head can also occur, however (2).
In The compleat herbal of 1694, hemp-agrimony was listed as a cure for, amongst other things, catarrh and coughs, obstructions of the urine and jaundice (6).
Conservation
provided by Arkive
Conservation action is not required for this common species.
Description
provided by Arkive
Hemp-agrimony is a tall and bushy plant which is in no way related to the plants hemp or agrimony (4). It has a woody rootstock and downy shoots that may have short branches with toothed segments, but the leaves on stem braches are lance or egg-shaped (2). The flat flower heads are pinkish-purple or, more rarely, whitish (5) and have earned the plant the local name of 'raspberries and cream' in some areas (6).
Habitat
provided by Arkive
Found in a broad range of wet and damp habitats, such as marshes, wet heath, wet woodland, fen-meadows, dune slacks and beside water. It is not as common in dry habitats, but it may occur in dry woodlands, waste ground and on hedge banks (3).
Range
provided by Arkive
This native plant is widespread and common throughout much of Britain (2), but becomes scarcer towards the north and is mainly a coastal species in Scotland (3) (5). It is absent from the Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland (2). Hemp-agrimony is also found in the Channel Islands, most of Europe, western and central Asia and North Africa (2).
Status
provided by Arkive
Common and widespread: not threatened (3).
Threats
provided by Arkive
This species is not threatened at present.
Associations
provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / gall
larva of Adaina microdactyla causes gall of stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Allophylaria subliciformis is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, clypeate perithecium of Anthostomella tomicoides is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: minor host/prey
Plant / resting place / on
puparium of Calycomyza artemisiae may be found on leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph of Chalara urceolata is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Chromelosporium anamorph of Chromelosporium ochraceum is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Crocicreas cyathoideum var. cyathoideum is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 3-10
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Cylindrotrichum dematiaceous anamorph of Cylindrotrichum oligospermum is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 4-9
Plant / resting place / on
Dendrothrips saltator may be found on live Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Fusariella dematiaceous anamorph of Fusariella sarniensis is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / parasite
Golovinomyces cichoracearum parasitises live Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalopeziza millepunctata is saprobic on dead, standing stem (near base) of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 10-6
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hymenoscyphus repandus is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 5-10
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lachnella villosa is saprobic on dead, decayed stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lasiobelonium nidulum is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 5-6
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria agnita is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 5-7
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria haematites is saprobic on dead, red stained stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, sometimes becoming free pseudothecium of Leptospora rubella is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 4-8
Foodplant / saprobe
clustered or linear conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph of Leptostroma eupatorii is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 4-5
Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Liriomyza eupatoriana may be found in leaf-mine of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: sole host/prey
Foodplant / miner
larva of Liriomyza eupatorii mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / miner
larva of Liriomyza strigata mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Longitarsus aeruginosus grazes on leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Longitarsus succineus grazes on leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Melanagromyza eupatorii may be found in stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed or erumpent perithecium of Melomastia mastoidea is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia coerulans is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: major host/prey
Plant / associate
mycelial muff of Morchella esculenta is associated with live root of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: unusual host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
sessile sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph of Myrothecium carmichaelii is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, scattered on in small groups, thinly subiculate perithecium of Nectria ellisii is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 5-12
Foodplant / saprobe
superficial perithecium of Nectria pseudopeziza is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 9-4
Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis eupatoriicola is saprobic on dead, old stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 6
Foodplant / spot causer
scattered, epiphyllous pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta eupatorii causes spots on fading leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 8
Foodplant / miner
larva of Phytomyza eupatorii mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: sole host/prey
Foodplant / spot causer
pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria eupatorii causes spots on fading leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph of Sporidesmium cookei is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 9-5
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph of Sporidesmium eupatoriicola is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 3-10
Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph of Stachybotrys dichroa is saprobic on dead stem of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 4-9
Foodplant / saprobe
sunken apothecium of Stictis stellata is saprobic on dead stem (woody) of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: season: 10-5
Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Trupanea stellata feeds within capitulum of Eupatorium cannabinum
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Foodplant / miner
larva of Trypeta artemisiae mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / miner
larva of Trypeta zoe mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Foodplant / miner
larva of Vidalia cornuta mines leaf of Eupatorium cannabinum
Other: sole host/prey
Comments
provided by eFloras
Eupatorium cannabinum is a garden escape; it is native to Europe and may be established in British Columbia; it is only casually adventive elsewhere in the flora area.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Perennials, 30–150 cm. Stems (from short rhizomes) single, branched distally, puberulent. Leaves opposite; subsessile or petiolate; blades palmately 3(–5)-lobed (at least larger proximal, lobes relatively broad), blades (or lobes) lanceolate to lance-ovate, 50–100 × 20–40 mm, margins serrate, apices rounded to acute, faces puberulent, gland-dotted. Heads in dense, corymbiform arrays. Phyllaries 8–10 in 2–3 series, oblong, 4.5–6 × 1.5–2 mm, apices rounded, abaxial faces puberulent, gland-dotted. Florets (4–)5(–6); corollas (usually pinkish) 2–2.5 mm. Cypselae 2–3 mm; pappi of 20–30 bristles 3–5 mm. 2n = 20.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Eupatorium cannabinum
provided by wikipedia EN
Eupatorium cannabinum, commonly known as hemp-agrimony,[2] or holy rope,[3] is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a robust perennial native to Europe, NW. Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, the Caucasus and Central Asia.[4][3][5] It is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally found as a garden escape in scattered locations in China,[6] the United States and Canada.[7][8] It is extremely attractive to butterflies, much like buddleia.[9]
If the genus Eupatorium is defined in a restricted sense (about 42 species), E. cannabinum is the only species of that genus native to Europe (with the remainder in Asia or North America).[10]
Description
Eupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herb up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) tall or more and 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) wide.[5] It lives in moist low-lying areas in temperate Eurasia. It is dioecious, with racemes of mauve flower heads which are pollinated by insects from July to early September. The flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome.[11] The flower heads are tiny, fluffy and can be pale dusty pink or whitish.[5] The fruit is an achene about 2 or 3 mm long, borne by a pappus with hairs 3 to 5 mm long, which is distributed by the wind. The plant over-winters as a hemicryptophyte.[10]
Toxicity
Eupatorium cannabinum contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.[12] The alkaloids may be present in the plant material as their N-oxides.[13]
Pharmacology
Chemistry and use in European folk medicine
Eupatorium cannabinum is used in the European traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory tract diseases, and several of its sesquiterpene lactone constituents were identified to have anti-inflammatory effect in isolated human neutrophils, with the anti-inflammatory action of the sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin being verified also in mouse peritonitis model.[14]
Use to stop bleeding in folk medicine of Sikkim
E. cannabinum, known locally by the Nepali names of Banmara and Kalijhar, is used as a styptic in the traditional medicine of the Indian state of Sikkim in the Eastern Himalayas (to which the plant is not native, but an introduction).[15][4]
The leaves and tender stems are crushed fresh and the juice is applied to cuts and bruises. Sometimes, when the wound is large, the squeezed remains of the plant are placed over the wound in the form of a poultice. The bleeding stops immediately and the wound is protected from infection. [15]
- Subspecies
-
Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum - most of species range
-
Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. corsicum (Req. ex Loisel.) P.Fourn. - Corsica, Sardinia, Basilicata, Apulia
References
-
^ The Plant List, Eupatorium cannabinum L.
-
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
-
^ a b Altervista Flora Italiana, Holy Rope, gewöhnlicher Wasserdost, hampflockel, Canapa acquatica includes photos and European distribution map
-
^ a b Kew Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:205581-1 Retrieved at 12.31 on Friday 13/1/23.
-
^ a b c "Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them", p 359. Könemann, 2004. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0
-
^ Flora of China, Eupatorium cannabinum Linnaeus, 1753. 大麻叶泽兰 da ma ye ze lan
-
^ "Eupatorium cannabinum". Flora of North America.
-
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
-
^ Wildlife Trusts - Hemp Agrimony
-
^ a b Schmidt, Gregory J.; Schilling, Edward E. (2000). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data". Am. J. Bot. 87 (5): 716–726. doi:10.2307/2656858. JSTOR 2656858. PMID 10811796.
-
^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2016). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
-
^ Fu, P.P., Yang, Y.C., Xia, Q., Chou, M.C., Cui, Y.Y., Lin G., "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements", Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2002, pp. 198-211 [1]
-
^ Woerdenbag, H. J. (October 1986). "Eupatorium cannabinum L.". Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition. 8 (5): 245–251. doi:10.1007/bf01960068. ISSN 0167-6555. PMID 3537953. S2CID 26403365.
-
^ Michalak, B; Piwowarski, JP; Granica, S; Waltenberger, B; Atanasov, AG; Khan, SY; Breuss, JM; Uhrin, P; Żyżyńska-Granica, B; Stojakowska, A; Stuppner, H; Kiss, AK (Feb 2019). "Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases". J. Nat. Prod. 82 (2): 375–385. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00939. PMID 30653318.
-
^ a b Rai, Lalitkumar and Sharma, Eklabyar Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Status, Uses and Potential, pub. Govind Ballabh Pant Inst. Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 page 39.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Eupatorium cannabinum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Eupatorium cannabinum, commonly known as hemp-agrimony, or holy rope, is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a robust perennial native to Europe, NW. Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally found as a garden escape in scattered locations in China, the United States and Canada. It is extremely attractive to butterflies, much like buddleia.
If the genus Eupatorium is defined in a restricted sense (about 42 species), E. cannabinum is the only species of that genus native to Europe (with the remainder in Asia or North America).
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
