Wasps, Bees, And Ants

Hymenoptera mangrupa salah sahiji ordo gedé insékta nu ngawengku Symphyta jeung Apocryta (seungseureudan jeung sireum). Ngaranna dicokot tina jangjang insékta nu ipis, nu diturunkeun tina basa Yunani Kuna ὑμήν (humẽn): mémbran jeung πτερόν (pteron): jangjang. Jangjang hareup jeung disambungkeun ku runtuyan kait nu disebut hamuli.

Nu bikang boga jarum ovipositor husus pikeun ngasupkeun endog ka jero sayang liang. Ovipositor ieu robah jadi panyeureud. Ieu insékta ngalaman métamorfosis lengkep: hambalan larva mirip hileud jeung cicing dina kepongpong méméh sawawa (baca holométabolismeu).

Rujukan

• Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.
• Rasnitsyn, A.P. and Quicke, D.L.J. (2002). History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 242–254. ISBN 1-4020-0026-X.

Tumbu kaluar

Umum

• Hymenoptera Information System (German)
• Hymenoptera of North America - large format reference photographs, descriptions, taxonomy
• International Society of Hymenopterists
• Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (UK)
• Ants Photo Gallery (RU)
• Fossil insects in Russia
• International Palaeoentomological Society
• Sphecos Forum for Aculeate Hymenopterra
• Hymenoptera images on MorphBank, a biological image database

Sistematika

• Hymenopteran Systematics

Béréndélan Régional

• Insetos dos Brazil
• New Zealand Hymenoptera
• Waspweb Gambar-gambar alus Hymenoptera Afrotropis